HUMPHREY INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PUMP 263 



to the daily average of the water supply of Manchester and 

 Salford. The Committee's Report for these pumps showed a 

 saving in first cost of £19,000 on the complete installation 

 as compared with triple-expansion steam engines running at 

 350 revolutions per minute and coupled to centrifugal pumps. 

 Moreover, the fuel consumption of the Humphrey pumps is 

 only about half that of the steam plant. 



At the Brussels Exhibition of 1910 a Humphrey pump was 

 shown in operation and was awarded two " Grand Prix," one 

 in the class of gas engines and one in the class for pumps. 

 The pump in question was delivering water at the rate of 

 6,000,000 gallons per day. 



At the Turin Exhibition of the present year a Humphrey 

 pump delivering at the rate of 16,000,000 gallons per day is 

 to be seen in operation. It was constructed by the Tecnomasio 

 Italiano Brown Boveri, who are the sole licensees for Humphrey 

 pumps and compressors in Italy. 



Before proceeding to describe other types of Humphrey 

 pumps, it may be well to state shortly some of the general 

 considerations which render Mr. Humphrey's invention of public 

 interest, particularly to engineers the world over. 



We live in an age of power-driven machinery. The power 

 is derived from heat and for all practical purposes the heat is 

 derived from our coal supplies, as in this country the other 

 sources of energy are comparatively insignificant. Our coal 

 mines are not inexhaustible ; indeed, the President of the British 

 Association, following the example many have set, has just 

 recently reminded us of the alarming rapidity with which we 

 are depleting our store and has thus emphasised the urgency 

 of conserving our greatest material asset. We must be less 

 prodigal in our use of coal. Economy is every day more 

 important, more pressing, so that those who produce a machine 

 wherein the heat latent in a pound of coal will give more 

 external work than has hitherto been obtained may well be 

 considered public benefactors. The reciprocating steam engine 

 has been and is a good servant but we need a better and 

 continuous efforts are being made to find it. 



Two outstanding departures from the beaten track of the 

 reciprocating steam engine development have been mentioned, 

 namely, the gas engine and the steam turbine. The former 

 at first sight might seem the more revolutionary innovation, 



