582 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



deposited solely in fresh water. The only fish common to the 

 two deposits is Oligopleurus vectensis. 



One other notable paper on European fishes has come under 

 my observation, namely a description by Mr. Eastman of new 

 sharks and rays from the Jurassic of Solenhofen, in Bavaria, as 

 typified by specimens in the Carnegie Museum at Pittsburg. 

 The most interesting of the new forms named in this paper (Amer. 

 J. Set., vol. xxxi. pp. 399-404, pis. i.-iii.) are the shark Cestracion 

 zitteli and the ray Squatina menor. Two papers relating to the 

 discoveries of fossil fish-faunas in Africa are of more than 

 ordinary interest. In the first of these Mr. Leriche (C R. Ac. 

 Sci. Paris, vol. cli. pp. 840, 841) records the first find of extinct 

 fishes in the Lualaba basin of the Belgian Congo. In the 

 second Dr. A. Smith Woodward (Ann. Natal Museum, vol. ii. 

 pp. 227-31) notices scales collected by Dr. F. Hatch in the Ecca 

 Shales near Ladysmith. Imperfect as they are, these remains 

 are of interest as affording further evidence of the existence of 

 an abundant fauna of Palceoniscidce in Southern Africa during 

 early Mesozoic and late Palaeozoic times. Scales of the same 

 general type have been obtained previously from the Karu 

 formation of the Cape and the Permo-Carboniferous of Rhodesia 

 and Nyasaland. The last-named were referred by Dr. Traquair 

 in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. for 1910 to the genus Colobodus, 

 while the Rhodesian and the new Natal specimens represent 

 Acrolepis, of which there may be two species. 



Some interest also attaches to the description by Mr. D. von 

 Hausemann (Sitz Ber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 1910, pp. 387, 

 381) of the fossil tooth of a shark of the genus Carcharodon from 

 a country so far north as Spitzbergen. In this connexion may 

 be noticed a paper by Mr. A. Karpinsky (Bull. Ac. Sci. St. 

 Pe'tersbourg, 191 1, pp. 1 105-21) on those curious spiral tooth- 

 like structures referable to the genus Helicoprion and the other 

 members of the Edestes group. 



When discussing the work on amphibians reference was 

 made to Prof. Case's review of the classification of the fishes in 

 his Revision of the Amphibia and Pisces of the Permian of 

 North America, published by the Carnegie Institution. This 

 volume also includes an account of the Permian fishes by 

 Mr. Louis Hussakof. From this it appears that between the 

 years 1875 and 1894 Cope described twenty-two species, refer- 

 able to ten genera, from the American Permian. Revision and 



