130 WALLACE CRAIG 



June 17. I put his cage beside that of Billy, thus allowing 

 Frank to see another dove for the first time since he was put 

 in isolation. The sight of the other bird and the sound of his 

 voice at once wrought a change in Frank like the change he had 

 temporarily undergone on May 11th, but in this case the change 

 was far greater, and was permanent. He was now in a few 

 moments transformed from the meek young bird of indeterminate 

 sex into the strong, aggressive adult male. I should not have 

 recognized him as the same bird. He seemed to become so much 

 larger than before, that it was hard to believe there was not an 

 actual increase in size. Now he not only bowed-and-cooed, ut- 

 tered the kah of excitement, and charged up and down the cage, 

 but after a half-hour of such display he assumed the nest-call 

 attitude and gave the nest-call coo, which I had never known 

 him to do before. 



June 18 and 19. I allowed these two males to come together. 

 They fought with might and main, and Frank worsted Billy. 



After these experiences with another dove, Frank readily and 

 persistently bowed-and-cooed to my face and to my hand, as 

 he had not done before. He continued for a long time, even 

 after he was mated, to jump on the hand that fed him, so per- 

 sistently that he was a nuisance. But though he jumped on the 

 hand he did not show sexual behavior toward it, not after his 

 first contact with the feathers of another dove on June 18th. 



July 5. I placed his cage beside that of a female dove. July 

 22, I opened the doors, allowing the two to come together. 

 Frank showed a gradual leading up to the perfect mating beha- 

 vior, similar to that of Billy, but more rapid. The most inter- 

 esting feature was, that Frank sometimes turned from the 

 female dove to bow-and-coo to me. Since then he has had much 

 experience with doves, and has shown chiefly normal behavior. 

 He maintained for a long time, as stated above, a habit of jump- 

 ing on the hand. In 1910 he was taken from his cage and put, 

 with other doves, in a large room where he ceased to come much 

 into contact with people's hands, but came naturally into prox- 

 imity with our feet; he developed that year a habit of bowing- 

 and-cooing to one's shoe and then jumping on the shoe. This 

 habit persisted in 1911, when I noticed that he reacted to tan 

 shoes just as to black shoes, and he showed in many ways that 

 he was reacting to the human being, even though his attention 



