122 WALLACE CRAIG 



tion to the hand — naturally so, because it was the only part 

 with which he daily came into direct contact. He treated the 

 hand much as if it were a living bird. Not only were his own 

 activities directed toward the hand as if it were a bird, but he 

 received treatment by the hand in the same spirit. The hand 

 could stroke him, preen his neck, even pull the feathers sharply, 

 Jack had absolutely no fear, but ran to the hand to be stroked 

 or teased, showing the joy that all doves show in the attentions 

 of their companions. Growing up in isolation from all compan- 

 ions of his own species, he gave himself completely to the com- 

 panionship of human beings. 



July 7, 1908, when Jack was almost a year old, I put an end 

 to his isolation. I tested him (and Billy also) with birds of 

 different kinds, to see if he would choose his own kind. The 

 results were positive, but I have discovered a possible flaw in 

 the conditions of the experiment. When I have pigeons of 

 several species, as I have not now, I shall repeat this experiment 

 on species recognition after rearing in isolation. 



July 12, 1908, I placed Jack's cage beside the cage of dove 

 No. 19, a virgin female, in order that they might become ac- 

 quainted. They had seen each other a little during the pre- 

 vious few days. When the cages were placed side by side, each 

 dove at once showed excited interest in the other, and the 

 female repeatedly gave signs of a desire to mate with the male. 



July 14, I let Jack into the cage of the female, by opening 

 the doors between the cages, this being the first time since his 

 infancy that Jack has come into contact with another dove. 

 He went into her cage without hesitation, and soon began to 

 peck and chase her. He had long been accustomed to pecking 

 my hand, but now when he made his first peck at a dove and 

 his bill closed on the feathers, he stopped in evident surprise 

 and did nothing more for a few seconds. But ever after this 

 first experience, he tugged and shook the female dove's feathers 

 as an old male does. 



On this first day of contact his attitude toward the female 

 was that of cruel pugnacity, never showing any considerable 

 tenderness or eros. I was obliged to close the doors, preventing 

 contact of the two birds, out of mercy to the female. Next 

 morning the two were lying as near together as they could, in 

 their separate cages, in apparent love and friendship. Never- 



