BEHAVIOR OF VERTEBRATES 425 



INSTINCT, HABITS, ETC. 



Mammals. Little work with mammals is listed in this field 

 for 1913. Haggerty (24, 25) has published two popular articles. 

 The first deals with some of the methods and results of compara- 

 tive psychology and the effects of such study upon the develop- 

 ment of the science as a whole and the second gives an account 

 of the behavior of apes. 



There should be more observational notes on the early develop- 

 ment and behavior of animals. Lashley and Watson (33) offer 

 such an account of a young monkey born in the laboratory of 

 Johns Hopkins University. These notes cover a period of 15 

 weeks. On the sensory side there was noticed what seemed to 

 be slight unadaptive responses to sounds on the second day, 

 some degree of localization was seen by the second week and 

 there was some evidence to show that food was recognized by 

 sight on the fourth week. On the third day the head and eyes 

 followed a moving object and two days later the grasping reflex 

 was seen in connection with an object. The report covers the 

 physical and sensory-motor development, the behavior of the 

 adults toward the young, the play activities and the mode of 

 learning. There was no evidence to show that the young monkey 

 ever gained control over a new activity through imitation. 



Franz (16) has an interesting note on the preferential use of 

 the right and left hands by monkeys. The animals used were 

 ones which were being trained previous to certain operations on 

 the occipital lobes. (See Mental Processes of Rhesus Monkeys, 

 Psy. Rev. Mori., Sup. No. 52, 1910.) In the course of this work, 

 some observations were recorded of a series of tests made to 

 discover whether there was any preferential use of either hand. 

 Food, sweet and bitter, was presented on glass plates so that 

 the one was on the right of the animal, the other on the left. 

 The arrangement was carefully changed so that half of the time 

 the sweet was on the right of the animal and half of the time it 

 was on the left. He thinks that more observations are needed 

 before anything definite can be said although the results indi- 

 cated that of six monkeys one showed a decided preference for 

 the use of the right hand and two preferred the left hand. 



Is savageness and wildness inheritable ? This question formed 

 the basis of some experimentation made by Yerkes (59) with 

 rats. The original animals consisted of wild male rats captured in 



