432 STELLA B. VINCENT 



the different articles which are listed in the bibliography. The 

 readers are referred especially to Krall's own book and to the 

 articles of Claparede, Buttel-Reepen, and Menegaux for other 

 details. 



Krall, after acquiring the horses, tested their visual acuity 

 and range of vision, their perception of color, form, odor, taste, 

 touch, two-point sensitivity, etc., and in each of these graded 

 the horses excellent. The details of this testing are not clear 

 but at least it was attempted. He has tried to give them, and 

 he thinks that they have, ideas of beauty, time, direction, 

 magnetism, etc. He has made an effort to teach them an 

 articulate language. They are said to be able to extract roots 

 to the seventh power, solve problems in algebra, read by taps 

 of the foot, spell phonetically, recognize and name objects and 

 answer questions. 



Herr Krall stands before a blackboard and asks the questions 

 orally or writes them on the board, or indicates the letters or 

 figures desired, and the horse upon a special board paws the 

 answer. The groom is usually in the box stall which opens 

 into the room and although the spectators cannot see him it 

 is often possible that the horse can. No one seems to have any 

 suspicion of Herr Krall, but the groom, Albert, is frequently 

 mentioned with doubt. 



The vision of some of these horses has been so effectually 

 shut off that there appears to be a general belief that this sen- 

 sory control has been in some test cases excluded. There is 

 also a blind horse, Barto. If sensory cues are being given here 

 they have failed of discovery since Krall refuses to submit to 

 a commission. 



The most remarkable work of the horses is arithmetical. 

 Muhammed solves problems like the following: 



V4477456 Ans. f., r., 46, repeated, f., f., r. 46. 



2 



V4096 Ans. f. 36, f. 74, f. 46, f. 46, r. 64. 

 (3 X 4) + 36 _ ? 



