300 G. V. HAMILTON 



III. TYPES OF SITUATIONS AND OF RESPONSES THERETO 



The outdoor conditions described above have enabled me to 

 liberate most of the subjects in selected pairs or groups. 13- 

 Tiny-M-cr was too young, and 10-Timmy-M-c, 12-Sandy-Papio — , 

 26-Skirrel-M-c and 28-Scotty M — were too large to be safely 

 liberated, but an excellent substitute for outdoor freedom was 

 obtained for them by giving them access to the long alley 

 and three or four of the cages. I have been able to form a fairly 

 accurate estimate of the effects of cage-life on sexual behavior 

 by comparing the activities of animals that have been at large 

 for several months with the activities of those that have been 

 continuously confined. At this point it may be said that, pro- 

 vided the macaque or baboon have a sufficiently wide range for 

 pursuing and fleeing his enemies, playing with his fellows, etc., 

 confinement will be found to have no perverting effects in this 

 climate. 



In the following list of observations I have endeavored to 

 spare the reader the inconvenience of being compelled to make 

 frequent reference to the list of subjects by giving in each instance 

 the age of the animals under discussion, rather than the date of 

 the observation. Wherever reference is made to an animal as 

 " sexually immature ' it is to be understood, in the case of 

 females, that menstruation has not yet appeared; males are 

 regarded as sexually immature until they have assumed the char- 

 acteristic strut that I have found to be coincident in appearance 

 with seminal discharge on copulating with females. Sexual 

 maturity, in this sense, antedates the attainment of adult size 

 by at least a year. 



Situation 1. Male and female separated from one another 

 (but not from fellows of the opposite sex) for at least one week, 

 then given access to one another. 



Observation 1. 10-Timmy-M-c and 5-Maud-M-r, both sexually 

 mature, occupied separate cages, each with a mate, for several 

 weeks. Each animal had been copulating freely. They were 

 then given access to one another, their respective mates having 

 been tolled into an empty cage and confined therein. Timmy 

 rushed from the alley into Maud's cage as soon as her door was 

 opened. She observed his approach from her shelf, and as he 

 ascended toward her, smacking his lips, she, too, smacked her 

 lips. As soon as the male clambered upon the shelf the female 



