JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOR 



Vol. 4 NOVEMBER-DECEMBER, 1914 No. 6 



LITERATURE FOR 1913 ON THE BEHAVIOR OF 

 THE LOWER INVERTEBRATES 



S. J. HOLMES 



University of California, Berkeley, California 



In continuing his studies on the rheotaxis of isopods Allee 

 (1, 2) has found that when the positive rheotaxis of Asellus is 

 strong there is a high degree of efficiency in the reactions to the 

 current. Low efficiency is correlated with indefinite or negative 

 responses. When molting occurs sensitiveness to currents is 

 greatly reduced. Low oxygen content and KCN cause a reduc- 

 tion or reversal of the usual reactions. There is little relation 

 between the vigor of the reaction to mechanical shocks and the 

 sign of the rheotactic response. KCN, and lack of oxygen pro- 

 duce at first an increase of sensitiveness to shocks followed by a 

 period of dulled sensitivity. Often sensitiveness is increased 

 during the molting period. No daily rhythms of behavior were' 

 observed. 



In a series of experiments on the taste and smell of the crus- 

 tacean Palaemon, Balss (3) concludes that the olfactory sense 

 is located partly in the antennae and partly in other parts of 

 the body. Taste is located not in the antennae, but in the mouth 

 parts and tips of the thoracic legs. 



The extensive studies of Bancroft (4) on the much discussed 

 subject of the phototaxis of Euglena have shed much light on 

 several of the vexed questions involved. Orientation which has 

 been considered a function of differential sensibility is found to 

 stand in no necessary relation to the latter. Positive reactions 



