398 C. H. TURNER 



were color blind. He replied that he had made such tests and 

 that bees were color blind to that portion of the spectrum. 

 In other words, bees have a dichromatic vision, and their colors 

 are blue and yellow. Thus their vision resembles that of the 

 protanopic form of red-green color blindness. To Mrs. Franklin 

 the results of these researches are gratifying, for they seem to 

 support her theory of color vision and to militate against Hering's. 



EMOTIONS 



In experimenting with the common roach on a maze, Turner 

 (105) noticed certain jumping activities which seemed to indi- 

 cate an exhibition of will. He writes: "Although the jumping 

 activity results in a plunge into the water, it resembles neither 

 the dashes into the water made by a roach on being placed on 

 the maze for the first time nor the falls into the water by roaches 

 trying to run the maze. The roach pauses at the edge of the 

 maze and explores outward and downward with its antennae. 

 It acts as though it were trying to see something at a distance 

 and then, after a pause, makes what an athlete would call a 

 broad jump. Many roaches displayed this jumping behavior, 

 but some were more prone to jump than others. * * 

 This jumping attitude is so characteristic that one can always 

 tell when a roach is likely to jump. I say likely to jump instead 

 of going to jump, because, after a roach has once jumped into 

 the water, the jumping attitude does not always result in a 

 spring. To see a roach, which has learned to avoid rushing off 

 of the maze into the water and which will struggle hard to keep 

 from slipping from the edge of a runway into the water, halt, 

 reach outward and downward with its antennae, act as though 

 it were trying to see what is beyond, pause and then jump is 

 food for much thought. Have we not here a conflict of impulses 

 and is not the jumping or refusing to jump the resultant of this 

 conflict ? Is not such a resultant what the human psychologists 

 call an act of will ? " 



See Benard under Maternal instincts. 



MATING INSTINCTS 



Newell (78) describes the mating of the rice weevil, Smith 

 (95) of a stone fly, Morgan (76) of mayflies, Gerhardt (47) of 

 some crickets and locusts and Walker (111) of Argia moesta. 



