404 C. H. TURNER 



more or less active, there is need of energy-producing material. 

 Fabre contends that they absorb this energy directly from the 

 sun. He bases this conclusion largely upon the fact that certain 

 spiders take special pains to expose the cocoon, and even the 

 uncovered young, to the rays of the sun. Although this state- 

 ment appeared, in the French, several years ago, it has not been 

 generally accepted by students of spiders. There is a leaning 

 towards the view that the young spiders are cannibalistic. Corn- 

 stock* writes: "According to the observations of Dr. B. G. 

 Wilder some of the young of Miranda aurantia feed upon their 

 weaker brothers and sisters, so that from the egg-sac that in 

 early winter contains a large number of spiderlings there emerge 

 in the spring a much smaller number of partly grown spiders. 

 How general this habit of cannibalism is has not been deter- 

 mined. McCook states that the young of the orb-weavers prey 

 upon each other after they leave the egg sac." If Fabre is 

 right', this is certainly a unique form of behavior. 



HIBERNATION 



Biddle (9) discusses the hibernation of a butterfly {Pyrantels 

 atalanta), and Pictet (S3) of a moth (Lasiocampa quercus). 



According to Ewing (38) in Oregon the lady-bug beetles 

 (Coccinellidae) hibernate in pockets under stones, beneath leaves 

 and under trash. There is a partial segregation of species. 



Heretofore it has been believed that the Rocky Mountain 

 spotted fever tick hibernates only in the nymphal and adult 

 stages. Bishopp and King (12) inform us that this is an erro- 

 neous idea. Some hibernate in the adult stage, a few in the 

 engorged nymphal instar, but the majority hibernate in the 

 larval stage. 



Skinner (93) observes that in winter no flies occur in the 

 rooms of the Academy of Science of Philadelphia. With the 

 first appearance of spring both males and females appear on 

 the windows. All of these are fresh specimens; the ptilium not 

 being completely retracted indicates that they have recently 

 emerged. He concludes that flies pass the winter in the pupal 

 stage and in no other manner. 



See Weiss (117, 118) under phototropism and thigmotropism. 

 The Spider Book. Doubleday, Page and Co., 1912, pp. 182-183. 



