132 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



plant-bearing beds are associated with the normal marine 

 deposits of the group, and among- the plants are several 

 which are found elsewhere in the highest beds of the 

 Gondwana system. Hence we may conclude that the 

 Umia beds are approximately on the same horizon as the 

 uppermost Gondwanas. Now the Umia plant-beds overlie 

 beds which contain Ammonites tomephorns, A. eudichotomus 

 (Tithonian forms), and A. suprajurensis and A. bleideri 

 (Portlandian forms). Evidently therefore they belong to 

 the very end of the Jurassic period ; and the Gondwana 

 system came to a close at about the same time. This 

 being so, it is remarkable that many of the plants of the 

 highest Gondwanas are said to be identical with, or closely 

 to resemble, forms from the Lower Oolite of England. It 

 is greatly to be regretted that the marine fossils associated 

 with the Gondwanas of the east coast have not been more 

 closely examined. 



Turning now to the north, the Silurian- beds of the Salt 

 Range are overlaid unconformably by a group of sandstones 

 known as the " Speckled Sandstone," at the base of which 

 there is almost always a boulder-bed with striated boulders 

 of rock which have come from a distance. The analogy 

 with the Talchir deposit naturally suggests itself at once. 

 No plants have been found ; but in the beds immediately 

 overlying the boulder-bed, Conularia and other marine 

 fossils occur. 1 Thirteen out of the twenty-two species are 

 identical with forms from the marine Carboniferous of New 

 South Wales, which is also associated with a boulder-bed 

 (already correlated with the Talchir boulder-bed). Only 

 the most confirmed sceptic — with views of his own — can 

 doubt that the boulder-beds of the Salt Range, of the 

 Talchirs, and of New South Wales are on the same horizon; 

 and since a similar bed, also associated with a Glossopteris 



MVaagen. "Note on some Palaeozoic Fossils recently collected by 

 Dr. H. Warth in the Olive Group of the Salt Range." Rec. Geo/. Surv. 

 India, xix. (1886), p. 22. It was at one time doubted whether these fossils 

 were contemporaneous with the rocks in which they occur ; but this doubt 

 has vanished in the face of further evidence. 



