THE NEW THEORY OF SOLUTIONS. 



175 



lowing table. In the second column are given the values, at 

 extreme dilution, of the molecular lowering obtained from 

 observations on the freezing-point of dilute solutions, made, 

 for the most part, by Raoult, Beckmann, and Eykman. In 

 the third column are given the values of the molecular 

 lowering calculated from measurements of the freezing-point 

 and heat of fusion of the solvents, made chiefly by Eykman, 

 Berthelot, Pettersson, and Batelli. 



Unless in the case of diphenylamine and naphthylamine 

 the agreement between the two sets of values leaves little 

 to be desired. The discrepancy exhibited by these two 

 compounds is very probably to be attributed to impurity in 

 the samples used by Batelli for determining the heats of 

 fusion. This assumption is based upon the low melting- 

 points of his samples. Pure naphthylamine melts at 50 , 

 and diphenylamine at 54°, whereas Batelli's preparations 

 melted at 43*4° and 51° respectively. 



There is very little doubt, therefore, that the law of the 

 freezing-point of dilute solutions is given by 



M'AT/o- = -02T7W. (1). 



Fj'cezing-point and the gaseous laws. —Relationships 

 between freezing-point and osmotic pressure may readily be 

 established by means of the connections which exist between 



