262 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



tioned, specially suitable for hatching on a large scale, are 

 those of the hake, ling, torsk, lemon-dab, cod, haddock, 

 whiting, bib, green cod, pollack, brill, dab, long rough-dab, 

 sail-fluke, and gurnard. The large eggs of the wolf-fish 

 (cat-fish of the fisherman), which adhere together in masses, 

 can also be hatched with ease, and the young are remark- 

 ably hardy. Again, the eggs removed from " berried " 

 lobsters may be hatched in the foregoing boxes or in 

 Wilmot jars, and the larvae either kept in extensive ponds 

 (where, however, their habits of cannibalism are trouble- 

 some), or, as in Canada, carried seawards and sunk in large 

 barrels with a hole on one side ; and since great numbers 

 are required, the neighbourhood of good lobster-ground, as 

 at Dunbar or Barra, w r ould be an advantage. 



The establishment at Dunbar just referred to is thus a 

 small beginning in this important field. We have only 

 stepped on the threshold of the subject. A liberal and 

 wise expenditure is absolutely necessary to carry out the 

 experiments on a scale sufficient to test their real influence 

 on the fisheries. Moreover, not only are skill, enterprise, 

 and perseverance indispensable on the part of the officials, 

 but patience on the part of the public. Those most familiar 

 with the department, while, perhaps, by no means sanguine, 

 feel that we have now reached a stage when the subject 

 calls to be dealt with in a comprehensive manner. It is 

 the practice in certain quarters to sneer at the supposed 

 small results science can show, especially in Scotland, for 

 the expenditure in connection with the fisheries. The 

 total sum, however, for scientific investigations is only 

 ^3000 ; and if the cost of the small steamer Garland 

 required for the survey and protection of the great areas 

 (thousands of square miles) now reserved only for the 

 liners, be deducted, the comparatively small sum of ^1800 

 a year remains. This income has to bear the salaries of the 

 staff, experiments in fish-, lobster-, and mussel-culture, the 

 cost of apparatus, the marine laboratory at St. Andrews, 

 the hatchery for marine fishes with its small laboratory at 

 Dunbar, and the carrying out of other scientific fishery 

 work. In England, for instance, the official expenditure in 



