482 



SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



of the Raibl beds, according to Wohrmann, and their 

 relation to contemporaneous deposits in Germany : — 



SWABIA AND FRANCONIA. 



S-H 



o 



Lower Gypskeuper. Very 

 few Muschelkalk species. 



North Tyrol and Bavaria. 



Gypsum and Rauhwacke or 

 Ostrea limestones. Very 

 few Cassian species. 

 Unimportant elevation. 



Grenzdolomit. 



Lower limestone bank. 

 Depression. 



C/3 



■~ 



<u 



o 

 H 



Lettenkohl group with a 

 Muschelkalk fauna; clastic 

 sediments with plant re- 

 mains. 



Cardita beds, with a Cassian 

 fauna in the lower part 

 and a mixed fauna in the 

 upper ; sandstones with 

 plant remains. 



Elevation. 



Upper Muschelkalk. 



Wetterstein Kalk. 



in 



OJ 



u 



T3 



3 



Immediately before the Raibl period a great amount of 

 deposition took place, mainly owing to an extraordinary 

 development of marine algae, and the result was the forma- 

 tion of the Wetterstein and similar limestones. This was 

 followed at the commencement of Raibl times by a general 

 upheaval, which in the south was accompanied by volcanic 

 eruptions. Sandstones were laid down along the vindelician 

 ridge, while further to the south the deposits were more 

 marly. In the Eastern Alps the corresponding beds are 

 slaty, and the fauna is poor : neither the character of the 

 fauna nor of the deposits shows the influence of neigh- 

 bouring land, and we may conclude either that no rivers 

 flowed in this direction from the Bohemian massif, or that 

 the coast lay farther to the north than in the Western Alps. 



After the deposition of these littoral sediments a sudden 

 sinking took place, and limestones and dolomites were laid 

 down, forming the middle division of the Cardita beds. It 

 is in the neighbourhood of the vindelician ridge, where the 



