412 STELLA B. VINCENT 



birth guarding it so carefully that it was impossible even by- 

 force to take it from her. Coward (7) writes in a vivid way of 

 the repeated battles of a cock blackbird with its own reflection 

 in the glass of a window — battles which were kept up through 

 an entire mating season. There is an attempted analysis: — the 

 accidental encounter, instinctive attack in rivalry, memory and 

 absolute failure to profit by experience. 



DEVELOPMENT 



Fish. — White (37) describes the behavior of the Brook Trout 



embryo from the time of hatching to the absorption of the yolk 



sac. Among other things she relates that it reacts to touch and 



to mechanical jars immediately after hatching. She finds that 



the head is least sensitive to touch of any part of the body 



while the eye is insensitive. The embryo is photokinetic and 



negatively phototactic. It begins to respond to shadows about 



the fifth week and feeding reactions commence when about two 



months old. 



GENERAL BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING 



The progress in animal psychology in the last few years is 

 reviewed in a clear way by Baege (2) and Hirshberg (10) gives 

 a brief well phrased statement of some of the more recent methods 

 and investigations with an estimate of the value of such work. 



Mammals. — In a short paper Shepherd (27) reports some 

 experiments designed to test adaptive intelligence in cats, dogs 

 and monkeys. He also gives in another paper (26) his observa- 

 tions of the behavior of Peter and Consul — apes appearing on 

 the vaudeville stage. These observations are based upon a 

 single private examination and a few stage performances. Some 

 titles are given of articles dealing with the Elberfeld horses (19), 

 (23), (28), but it seems useless to burden our pages further with 

 such futile discussion. Cole (6) reviews Hunter's work on the 

 delayed reaction and McPheeter and Gregg's experiments with 

 raccoons so far as they concerned his own previous work, with 

 both critical comment and explanation of differences. Hunter 

 (14), (15) replying to some statements made by Watson and 

 Cole comes to the defense of his theory that the delayed reaction 

 experiment with raccoons can be explained only by some process 

 w r hich functions as memory ideas do in human behavior. He 

 emphasizes the fact that the ideational function which he ascribed 



