386 C. H. TURNER 



the animal to recognize such or such matter, to distinguish it 

 from others in a constant and indubitable fashion. Then we 

 have a right to speak of olfaction, and it is even in my opinion 

 the only proof, the only definition of the sense we have." 



OTHER SENSES 



1. Auditory Sense. When a metallic sound is made the water 

 striders move backwards. If a buzzing insect drops into the 

 water, the striders rush towards it; but, they do not respond 

 to a dead insect that falls into the water. These facts induced 

 Essenberg (34) to believe that water-striders can hear. 



2. Tactile Sense. By means of a tuning fork and of a straw 

 attached to an electric vibrator, Barrows (12) has given a bril- 

 liant confirmation of what Dahl* discovered long ago; i. e., that 

 spiders reach their prey by following the radius that vibrates 

 the strongest. By amputating first one leg and then another, 

 he demonstrated that the sense of touch is not confined to any 

 pair of legs. 



3. Vision. Works on color vision and form-perception have 

 appeared by Buttel-Reepen (20), Frisch (41) and Stellwaag (114). 



MATING BEHAVIOR 



Awati (4) describes the mating behavior of the apple sucker 

 and of the pear sucker; Back and Pemberton (5, 6), of the Medi- 

 terranean fruit-fly and of the melon-fly; Blackman (14), of Pityo- 

 genes hopkinsi; Chapman (23), of Agrilus bilineatus; Fuller (43), 

 of some South African termites; Funkhouser (44), of Vanduzea 

 arquata Say; Gerhardt (45), of crickets and locusts; Hancock 

 (55), of pink katydids; Kennedy (68), of dragon-flies; Rau (102), 

 of Dichromorpha viridis; Turner (120), of the camel cricket; and 

 Williams (127), of the pea thrips. 



It is well known that the phosphorescence of the Lampyridae 

 is a courting device. Blair (15) informs us that among the 

 British forms it is the female that does the active courting, while 

 in America it is the male. He also reminds us that we do not 

 know the function of the phosphorescent light in those few forms 

 that do not belong to the Lampyridae. 



Schwarz (106) remarks that the mating behavior of Catocala 



* Dahl, Frdr. Beitrage Zur Biologie der Spinnen. Zool. Anz., VII Johrg., 1883, 

 No. 180, s. 591-595. 



