CHICKS HATCHED FROM ALCOHOLIZED EGGS 121 



TABLE 6 



Chicks 4 and 8 Were Normal Chicks. Chicks 21, 22, 28, 29 and 32 Were 

 Alcohol Chicks. The Fact That the Chick Jumped is Indicated by +. 

 The Fact That the Chick Refused to Jump is Indicated by — . 



Chicks Fifteen Days Old 

 Height 



No. of Chick 10.7 22.3 74 89.8 95.5 106 134 158.3 171.5 



4 + + + + + — 



8 + + + + + — 



21 + + + + + + + + + 



22 + + + + + + + + + 



28 + + + + + + + + + 



29 + + + + + + + + + 



32 + + + + + + — 



ACQUIRED REACTIONS 



Experiments on Behavior in Mazes 



During the course of the experiments with mazes three mazes 

 of varying complexity were used which will be designated as 

 Maze 1, Maze 2 and Maze 3. Maze 3 was used only with the 

 fifth hatching of chicks, which contained hole and water chicks 

 as well as normal and alcohol ones. The time which the animal 

 spent in the maze was the criterion of learning. 



So far as the general behavior of the chicks in the mazes was 

 concerned there seemed to be one main difference which was, 

 however, quantitative rather than qualitative. The alcohol 

 chicks were on the whole less prone to react to the maze situa- 

 tion with general activity. An ordinary normal chick, when 

 placed in a maze, will run about and attempt to get out. It 

 will normally continue this running until it does get out and 

 subsequent trials are made shorter by a gradual reduction of 

 this running about. In other words, the process of learning 

 the maze is like that of any other animal so placed. The 

 alcohol chicks, as well as chicks raised from eggs which had 

 been tampered with in other ways, that is, the three different 

 kinds of abnormal chicks, did not seem to be inspired by this 

 desire to get out of the maze. The situation did not seem to 

 call forth the reaction of running about as it did with the normal 

 chicks. The chick when placed in the maze might go promptly 

 to sleep and sleep for some five minutes. It might then wake 

 up and suddenly dart forward. If it brought up in a blind 

 alley it might either go to sleep for another period, trying to 

 the experimenter's nerves, or it might turn and go into the 



