Chap. III. Mental Powers. 71 



whenever it could do so with safety ; this conduct exciting great 

 indignation in the old baboon. Monkeys will also, according to 

 Brehm, defend their master when attacked by any one, as well as 

 dogs to whom they are attached, from the attacks of other dogs. 

 But we here trench on the subjects of sympathy and fidelity, to 

 which I shall recur. Some of Brehm's monkeys took much 

 delight in teasing a certain old dog whom they disliked, as 

 well as other animals, in various ingenious ways. 



Most of the more complex emotions are common to the 

 higher animals and ourselves. Every one has seen how jealous 

 a dog is of his master's affection, if lavished on any other 

 creature ; and I have observed the same fact with monkeys. 

 This shews that animals not only love, but have desire to be 

 loved. Animals manifestly feel emulation. They love appro- 

 bation or praise ; and a dog carrying a basket for his master 

 exhibits in a high degree self-complacency or pride. There can, 

 I think, be no doubt that a dog feels shame, as distinct from 

 fear, and something very like modesty when begging too often 

 for food. A great dog scorns the snarling of a little dog, and 

 this may be called magnanimity. Several observers have stated 

 that monkeys certainly dislike being laughed at ; and they 

 sometimes invent imaginary offences. In the Zoological Gardens 

 I saw a baboon who always got into a furious rage when his 

 keeper took out a letter or book and read it aloud to him ; and 

 his rage was so violent that, as I witnessed on one occasion, he 

 bit his own leg till the blood flowed. Dogs show what may be 

 fairly called a sense of humour, as distinct from mere play ; if 

 a bit of stick or other such object be thrown to one, he will often 

 carry it away for a short distance ; and then squatting down 

 with it on the ground close before him, will wait until his 

 master comes quite close to take it away. The dog wall then 

 seize it and rush away in triumph, repeating the same manoeuvre, 

 and evidently enjoying the practical joke. 



We will now turn to the more intellectual emotions and 

 faculties, which are very important, as forming the basis for the 

 development of the higher mental powers. Animals manifestly 

 enjoy excitement, and suffer from ennui, as may be seen with 

 dogs, and, according to Eengger, with" monkeys. All animals 

 feel Wonder, and many exhibit Curiosity. They sometimes 

 suffer from this latter quality, as when the hunter plays antics 

 and thus attracts them ; I have witnessed this with deer, and so 

 it is with the wary chamois, and with some kinds of wild-ducks. 

 Brehm gives a curious account of the instinctive dread, which 

 his monkeys exhibited, for snakes; but their curiosity was 

 eo great thai they could not desist from, occasionally satiating 



