Chap. IT. Manner of Development. 40 



making fire, by which hard and stringy roots can be rendered 

 digestible, and poisonous roots or herbs innocuous. This dis- 

 covery of fire, probably the greatest ever made by man, excepting 

 language, dates from before the dawn of history. These several 

 inventions, by which man in the rudest state has become so pre- 

 eminent, are the direct results of the development of his powers 

 of observation, memory, curiosity, imagination, and reason. I 

 cannot, therefore, understand how it is that Mr. Wallace 07 main- 

 tains, that " natural selection could only have endowed the 

 " savage with a brain a little superior to that of an ape." 



Although the intellectual powers and social habits of man are 

 of paramount importance to him, we must not underrate the 

 importance of his bodily structure, to which subject the remain- 

 der of this chapter will be devoted ; the development of the in- 

 tellectual and social or moral faculties being discussed in a later 

 chapter. 



Even to hammer with precision is no easy matter, as every 

 one who has tried to learn carpentry will admit. To throw a 

 stone with as true an aim as a Fuegian in defending himself, or 

 in killing birds, requires the most consummate perfection in the 

 correlated action of the muscles of the hand, arm, and shoulder, 

 and, further, a fine sense of touch. In throwing a stone or spear, 

 and in many other actions, a man must stand firmly on his feet ; 

 and this again demands the perfect co-adaptation of numerous 

 muscles. To chip a flint into the rudest tool, or to form a 

 barbed spear or hook from a bone, demands the use of a perfect 

 hand ; for, as a most capable judge, Mr. Schoolcraft, 68 remarks, 

 the shaping fragments of stone into knives, lances, or arrow-heads, 



07 'Quarterly Review,' April here resist quoting a. most just 



1869, p. 39'2. This subject is more remark by Sir J. Lubbock (' Pre- 



fully discussed iu Mr. Wallace's historic Times,' 1865, p. 479) in 



' Contributions to the Theory of reference to this paper, namely, that 



Natural Selection,' 1870, in which Mr. Wallace, '"with characteristic 



all the essays referred to in this " unselfishness, ascribes it (i.e. the 



work are republished. The ' Essay " idea of natural selection) unre- 



on Man' has been ably criticised by " servedly to Mr. Darwin, although, 



Prof. Claparede, one of the most " as is well known, he struck out 



distinguished zoologists in Europe, " the idea independently, and pub- 



m an article published in the 4< lishecT it, though not with the 



Bibliotheque UmVerselle,' June ," same elaboration, at tiie same 



» 



1870. The remark quoted in my " time, 

 text will surprise every one who 68 Quoted by Mr. Lawson Tait in 

 has read Mr. Wallace's celebrated his ' Law of Natural Selection,' — 

 paper on ' The Origin of Human ' Dublin Quarterly Journal of Modi- 

 Races deduced from the Theory of cal Science,' Feb. 1869. Dr. Keller 

 Natural Selection,' origiially pub- is likewise quoted to the same 

 lished in the ' Anthropological Re- effect. 

 «iew,'May 1864-, p. clv' ; .i. 1 cannot 



