Chap. VII. The Races of Man. 173 



intermediate form ; but in certain cases some of the offspring take 

 closely after one parent-form, and some after the other. This is 

 especially apt to occur when the parents differ in characters 

 which first appeared as sudden variations or monstrosities. 15 I 

 refer to this point, because Dr. Eohlfs informs me that he has 

 frequently seen in Africa the offspring of negroes crossed with 

 members of other races, either completely black or completely 

 white, or rarely piebald. On the other hand, it is notorious 

 that in America mulattoes commonly present an intermediate 

 appearance. 



We have now seen that a naturalist might feel himself fully 

 justified in ranking the races of man as distinct species ; for he 

 has found that they are distinguished by many differences in 

 structure and constitution, some being of importance. These 

 differences have, also, remained nearly constant for very long 

 periods of time. Our naturalist will have been in some degree 

 influenced by the enormous range of man, which is a great 

 anomaly in the class of mammals, if mankind be viewed as a 

 single species. He will have been struck with the distribution of 

 the several so-called races, which accords with that of other 

 undoubtedly distinct species of mammals. Finally, he might 

 urge that the mutual fertility of all the races has not as yet been 

 fully proved, and even if proved would not be an absolute proof 

 of their specific identity. 



On the other side of the question, if our supposed naturalist 

 were to enquire whether the forms of man keep distinct like 

 ordinary species, when mingled together in large numbers in the 

 same country, he would immediately discover that this was by 

 no means the case. In Brazil he would behold an immense 

 mongrel population of Negroes and Portuguese ; in Chiloe, and 

 other parts of South America, he would behold the whole popu- 

 lation consisting of Indians and Spaniards blended in various 

 degrees. 16 In many parts of the same continent he would meet 

 with the most complex crosses between Negroes, Indians, and 

 Europeans ; and judging from the vegetable kingdom, such triple 

 crosses afford the severest test of the .mutual fertility of the 

 parent-forms. In one island of the Pacific he would find a 

 small population of mingled Polynesian and English blood; and 

 in the Fiji Archipelago a population of Polynesian and Negritos 



15 'The Variation of Animals,' success and energy of the Paulista,, 



fcc, vol. ii. p. 92. in Brazil, who are a much crossed 



18 M. de Quatrefages has given race of Portuguese and Indians, with 



{' Anthropolog. Keview,' Jan. 1869, a mixture of the blood of otkei 



p 22) au interesting account y£ the races. 



