35S 



The Descent of Man. 



Part III. 



I have specified the foregoing differences between the male and 

 female sex in mankind, because they are curiously like those of 

 the Quadrumana. With these animals the female is mature at 

 an earlier age than the male ; at least this is certainly the case in 

 the Cebus azarce. 7 The males of most species are larger and 

 stronger than the females, of which fact the gorilla affords a well- 

 known instance. Even in so trifling a character as the greater 

 prominence of the superciliary ridge, the males of certain 

 monkeys differ from the females, 8 and agree in this respect with 

 mankind. In the gorilla and certain other monkeys, the cranium 

 of the adult male presents a strongly-marked sagittal crest, which 

 is absent in the female ; and Ecker found a trace of a similar 

 difference between the two sexes in the Australians. 9 With 

 monkeys when there is any difference in the yoice, that of the 

 male is the more powerful. We have seen that certain 

 male monkeys have a well-developed beard, which is quite 

 deficient, or much less developed in the female. No instance 

 is known of the beard, whiskers, or moustache beirig larger 

 in the female than in the male monkey. Even in the colour 

 of the beard there is a curious parallelism between man and 

 the Quadrumana, for with man when the beard differs in colour 

 from the hair of the head, as is commonly the case, it is, I believe, 

 almost always of a lighter tint, being often reddish. I have 

 repeatedly observed this fact in England ; but two gentlemen 

 have lately written to me, saying that they form an exception 

 to the rule. One of these gentlemen accounts for the fact 

 by the wide difference in colour of the hair on the paternal 

 and maternal sides of his family. Both had been long aware of 

 this peculiarity (one of them having often been accused of 

 dyeing his beard), and had been thus led to observe other men, 

 and were convinced that the exceptions were very rare. Dr. 

 Hooker attended to this little point for me in Kussia, and found 

 no exception to the rule. In Calcutta, Mr. J. Scott, of the 

 Botanic Gardens, was so kind as to observe the many races of men 

 to be seen there, as well as in some other parts of India, namely, 

 two races in Sikhim, the Bhoteas, Hindoos, Burmese, and 



for further facts on negro infants, 

 as quoted from Winterbottom and 

 Camper, see Lawrence, ' Lectures on 

 Physiology,' &c. 1822, p. 451. For 

 the infants of the Guaranys, see 

 Hengger, ' Saugethiere,' &c. s. 3. 

 See also Godron, ' De l'Espece,' torn. 

 ii. 1859, p. 253. For the Austra- 

 lians, Waitz, ' Introduct. to Anthro- 

 pology,' Ecg. translat. 1863, p. 99. 



7 Rengger, ' Siiugethiere,' &c. 

 1830, s. 49. 



8 As in Macacus cynomolgus (Des- 

 marest, ' Mammalogie,' p. 65), and 

 in Hylobates agilis (GeofFroy St.- 

 Hilaire and F. Cuvier, ' Hist. Nat. 

 des Mamm.' 1824, torn. i. p. 2). 



9 ' Anthropological Review,' Oct 

 1868, p. 353. 



