Chap. XIX. Man — Sexual Differences. 



559 



Chinese, most of which races have very little hair on the face 

 and he always found that when there was any difference in 

 colour between the hair of the head and the beard, the latter was 

 invariably lighter. Now with monkeys, as has already been 

 stated, the beard frequently differs strikingly in colour from the 

 hair of the head, and in such cases it is always of a lighter hue, 

 being often pure white, sometimes yellow or reddish. 10 



In regard to the general hairiness of the body, the women in 

 all races are less hairy than the men ; and in some few 

 Quadrumana the under side of the body of the female is less 

 hairy than that of the male. u Lastly, male monkeys, like men, 

 are bolder and fiercer than the females. They lead the troop, 

 and when there is danger, come to the front. We thus see how 

 close is the parallelism between the sexual differences of man 

 and the Quadrumana. With some few species, however, as 

 with certain baboons, the orang and the gorilla, there is a con- 

 siderably greater difference between the sexes, as in the size of 

 the canine teeth, in the development and colour of the hair, and 

 especially in the colour of the naked parts of the skin, than in 

 mankind. 



All the secondary sexual characters of man are highly variable, 

 even within the limits of the same race ; and they differ much in 

 the several races. These two rules hold good generally through- 

 out the animal kingdom. In the excellent observations made on 

 board the Novara, 12 the male Australians were found to exceed 

 the females by only 65 millim. in height, whilst with the Javans 

 the average excess was 218 millim. ; so that in this latter race the 

 difference in height between the sexes is more than thrice as 

 great as with the Australians. Numerous measurements were 

 carefully made of the stature, the circumference of the neck and 

 chest, the length of the back-bone and of the arms, in various 



10 Mr. Blyth intorms me that he 

 has only seen one instance of the 

 beard, whiskers, &c, in a monkey 

 becoming white with old age, as 

 is so commonly the case with us. 

 This, however, occurred in an 

 aged Macacus cynomolyus, kept 

 in confinement, whose moustaches 

 were " remarkably long and hu- 

 " man-like." Altogether this old 

 meikey presented a ludicrous re- 

 semblance to one of the reigning 

 monarchs of Europe, after whom he 

 was universally nick-named. In 

 certain races of man the hair on 

 the head hardly ever becomes grey ; 



thus Mr. D. Forbes has never, as he 

 informs me, seen an instance with 

 the Aymaras and Quichuas of S. 

 America. 



11 This is the case with the fe- 

 males of several species of Hylobates, 

 see Geoffroy St.-Hiliare and F. Cu- 

 vier, ' Hist. Mat. des Mamm.' torn. i. 

 See, also, on If. lar. ' Penny Cy» 

 clopedia,' vol. ii. pp. 149, 150. 



12 The results were deduced by 

 Dr. Weisbach from the measure- 

 ments made by Drs. K. Seherzer 

 and Schwarz, see ' Reise der Notara : 

 Anthropolog. Theil,' 1867, g& 216, 

 231, 234, 236, 239, 269. 



