6; 8 



SPARROWS. 



INDEX. 



STARK. 



Sparrows, new mates found by, 408. 



, sexes and young of, 483 ; 



learning to sing, 570. 



Spabkura Underwoodi, 388. 



Spawning of fishes, 341, 344. 



Spear, used before dispersion of man, 

 180. 



Species, causes of tne advancement, 

 of, 137 ; distinctive characters of, 

 1G6; or races of man, 168; steri- 

 lity and fertility of, when crossed, 

 170; supposed, of man, 174; gra- 

 dation of, 175 ; difficulty of defin- 

 ing, 175 ; representative, of birds, 

 468: of birds, comparative differ- 

 ences between the sexes of distinct, 

 469. 



Spectrum femoratum, difference of 

 colour in the sexes of, 289. 



Speech, connection between the brain 

 and the faculty of, 88 ; connection 

 of intonation with music, 570. 



" Spel " of the black-cock, 375. 



Spencer, Herbert, on the influence of 

 food on the size of the jaws, 33 ; 

 on the dawn of intelligence, 67 ; 

 on the origin of the belief in spirit- 

 ual agencies, 94 ; on the origin of 

 the moral sense, 123; on music, 

 571, 572. 



Spengel, disagrees with explanation of 

 man's hairlessness, 602. 



Sperm-whales, battles of male, 500. 



Sphingidae, coloration of the, 314. 



Sphinx, Humming-bird, 317. 



, Mr. Bates on the caterpillar 



of a, 325. 



moth, musky odour of, 308. 



Spiders, 272 ; parental feeling in, 

 106 ; male, more active than female, 

 221 ; proportion of the sexes in, 254; 

 secondary sexual characters of, 272 ; 

 courtship of male, 273 ; attracted 

 by music, 273 ; male, small size of, 

 273. 



SpHosoma menthastri, rejected by 

 turkeys, 316. 



Spine, alteration of, to suit the erect 

 attitude of man, 53. 



Spirits, fondness of monkeys for, 7. 



Spiritual agencies, belief in, almost 

 universal, 94. 



Spiza cyanea and civis, 412. 



Spoonbill, 374 ; Chinese, change of 

 plumage ic, 461. 



Spots, retained throughout groups of 

 birds, 427 ; disappearance of, in 

 adult mammals, 546. 



Sprensjel, C. K., on the sexuality of 

 plants, 212. 



Spring-boc, horns of the, 509. 



Sproat, Mr., on the extinction of 

 savages in Vancouver Island, 183; 

 on the eradication of facial hair by 

 the natives of Vancouver Island, 

 580 ; on the eradication of the 

 beard by the Indians of Vancouver 

 Island, 603. 



Spurs, occurrence of, in female fowls, 

 227, 231 ; development of, in 

 various species of Phasianidae, 235 ; 

 of Gallinaceous birds, 362, 364; 

 development of, in female Gal- 

 linaceae, 449. 



Squilla, different colours of the sexes 

 of a species of, 271. 



Squirrels, battles of male, 500 ; Af- 

 rican, sexual differences in the 

 colouring of, 534 ; black, 540. 



Stag, long hairs of the throat of, 521 ; 

 horns of the, 227, 229 ; battles of, 

 501 ; horns of the, with numerous 

 branches, 510 ; bellowing of the, 

 526 ;. crest of the, 531. 



beetle, numerical proportion of 



sexes of, 253 ; large size of male, 

 278 ; weapons of the male, 299. 



Stainton, H. T., on the numerical 

 proportion of the sexes in the 

 smaller moths, 251 ; habits of Ela- 

 chista rufocinerea, 252 ; on the 

 coloration of moths, 315 ; on the 

 rejection of Spilosoma menthastri, 

 by turkeys, 316; on the sexes of 

 Agrotis exclamationis, 316. 



Staley, Bishop, mortality of infant 

 Maories, 187. 



Stallion, mane of the, 521. 



Stallions, two, attacking a third, 101 ; 

 fighting, 501 ; small canine teeth 

 of, 514, 



Stansbury, Capt., observations on 

 pelicans, 102. 



Staphylinidae, hornlike processes iD 

 male, 299. 



Starfishes, parental feeling in, 106; 

 bright colours of some, 260. 



Stark, Dr., on the death-rate in towns 

 and rural districts, 138 ; on the 

 influence of marriage on mortality, 



