346 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



position on the Hellespont, Hissarlik must have been a 

 point of convergence for any trade between the East and 

 Europe, and the catalogue of the allies of the Trojans in Iliad 

 II., though it refers to a later period, ranges them (i) up 

 the Hebros Valley into the Balkans, and along (2) the 

 North and (3) the West coast of Asia Minor; i.e., along 

 three well-known routes of early trade. 



22. The metallic objects of Hissarlik are of particular 

 value as links between two principal copper-working areas, 

 Cyprus and Central Europe. The latter really falls 

 beyond our present view, but must be noted — mainly to be 

 rejected — as a possible source of the early Mediterranean 

 Bronze. 



23. The use of copper in Cyprus goes back far beyond 

 the point where it can be dated with any certainty, and 

 everything goes to show that, while southwards, namely, 

 in Egypt under the Fourth Dynasty, Cypriote types appear 

 from the first side by side with others which are 

 probably Sinaitic, northward the same types extend, past 

 Hissarlik, into the Danube Valley, and are imitated and 

 amplified into derivative forms throughout Central Europe ; 

 returning, almost unrecognisable, into the Mediterranean 

 area in the series from Spain, which is clearly not directly 

 derivative, and may be of comparatively late origin. 



24. The obvious suggestion that Central Europe may 

 have worked copper independently is met (1) by the com- 

 parison of the secondary forms, — e.g., only in Cyprus can the 

 actual synthesis of double-bladed axe heads, by welding 

 two simple ones, be observed ; (2) by the fact that, along 

 with the characteristic and indigenous metallurgy, the 

 ceramic technique of Cyprus, with red hand-polished sur- 

 face and incised ornament filled with white earth, can be 

 traced across Asia Minor and into South-eastern Europe ; 

 the red slip as far as Brus in Transylvania ; the ornament 

 into the Mondsee of Lower Austria, and the pile-dwellings 

 of Switzerland, becoming ever more mongrel and degenerate 

 as it proceeds. 



25. It is important to note that at Hissarlik a return 

 current is already evident ; the pottery and the metal im- 



