392 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



in 10 departments most long headed. 



,, most mountainous. 



,, most level but thinly peopled. 



,, most urban. 



,, Normandy. 



,, Brittany. 



,, with population of Auvergnat type. 

 „ ,, ,, ,, Remolothringian 



type- 

 Unquestionably the northern blond type does show badly 

 here, but whether the blond complexion is much in fault 

 is doubtful. The Remolothringian region (= Austrasia, 

 or Champagne and Lorraine), which is one of the most 

 blond areas in France, but brachykephalic, stands extremely 

 well ; in Brittany the Morbihan, the most blond depart- 

 ment, stands best, and in Normandy the Orne, the least 

 blond, stands worst. 



The low position of the Nord may be compared with 

 that of the ethnologically similar or almost identical Flemish 

 zone of Belgium. Houze himself ascribes this partly, but 

 not, I think, wholly, to poverty, crowding, sedentary 

 occupation, in fact to a number of causes outside of 

 race. 



Another method of inquiry suggests itself. If it be 

 true that the blond type is more susceptible than the 

 brown to the malign influences of urban life, and especially 

 to phthisis, which is largely a disease of crowded city- 

 dwellers, we should find this type less frequent proportionally 

 than the brown in ancient cities. On this point we have a 

 great deal of evidence; the greater part of this is supplied by 

 the great inquest of Virchow into the colours of the school- 

 children of Germany, those of Schimmer in Austria, of 

 Kollmann in Switzerland, and of Vanderkindere in Belgium : 

 we have also the observations on adults in Italy of Livi, 

 and those of myself in the British Isles. 



Georg Mayr, analysing the returns for Bavaria, 

 pointed out that the town populations had on the whole a 

 larger proportion of dark eyes, hair, and complexions than 



