APPENDIX I. 



NOTICES OF BOOKS. 



Studies in the Evolutionary Psychology of Feeling. By Hiram M. Stanley. London : Swan 

 Sonnenschein & Co. New York : Macmillan & Co., 1895. Pp. viii., 392. 



The chief idea pervading the book is the importance of mind in evolution. The 

 reasoning starts from the assumption that the primitive form of consciousness was pain, and 

 pain is held to have been the essential factor in the evolution of mind by means of its stimu- 

 lating action on volition. Not only the higher mental developments, but even the senses are 

 supposed to owe their existence to conscious struggle in the effort to avoid pain. The course 

 of evolution is supposed to have been pain — pleasure — vague cognition of object — sensation. 

 In considering the emotions, of which fear is held to be the most primitive, the author does 

 not believe in their gradual evolution, but supposes that such an emotion as anger appeared 

 discontinuously in some favoured individual that derived advantage from the power of " getting 

 mad " and violently attacking its fellows. The book is not scientific in method, but contains 

 some useful discussions of psychological questions. 



Milk ; Its Nature and Composition. A Handbook on the Chemistry and Bacteriology of Milk, 

 Butter and Cheese. By C. M. Aikman, M.A., D.Sc. London: Adam & Charles 

 Black, 1895. Pp. xiv., 173. Price 3s. 6d. 



In the space of less than 200 pages Dr. Aikman has contrived to give a good general 

 account of the more important facts concerning milk — a valuable food which it behoves the 

 general public no less than the milk purveyor and the dairy farmer to thoroughly under- 

 stand. 



Many persons having charge of children and invalids who subsist largely on milk have 

 but a scanty knowledge of its composition and peculiarities : to these as well as to those in 

 charge of dairy farms Dr. Aikman's book will prove of value, as in addition to a good description 

 of the perfect article, the "faults" of milk, the bacteria found in it, and the food stuffs 

 prepared from it are fully treated. 



The value of the work is increased by the presence of well-selected figures in the text, and 

 a short list of works on dairying in an appendix. 



Handbuch der palaarktischen Gross-Schmetterlinge fiir Forscher und Sammler. Zweite 

 gdnzlich umgearbeitete und durch Studien zur Descendenztheorie erweiterte Auflage des 

 Handbuches fur Sammler der europdischen Gross-Schmetterlinge. Von Dr. M. 

 Standfuess, Dozent beider Hochschulen und Kustos des Entomologischen Museums am 

 eidgen. Polytechnikum zu Zurich, mit 8 lithographischen Tafeln und 8 Textfiguren. 

 Jena : Gustav Fischer, 1896, 8vo, pp. xii., 392. 



This book is a curious medley, combining several branches of entomology which we are 

 seldom accustomed to see discussed in the same work, at least in England. The author 

 complains in his preface that too many entomologists are mere collectors, or at least concern 

 themselves only with questions of species ; and therefore he has made his work not only a 

 comprehensive handbook of the formation and management of a collection, but has added 

 large sections relating to variation, dimorphism, hybridism, and other subjects connected with 

 the origin of species, illustrated with eight coloured plates. Most of the varieties, hybrids, etc., 

 represented belong to well-known British species. The more scientific portion of the book 

 is in large measure an addition to the contents of the earlier and smaller edition. 



The author is by no means satisfied with the present position of entomology among the 

 sciences, which he attributes to the already mentioned neglect of scientific entomology among 

 collectors. Apparently he hopes to contribute to an improvement in this direction, and he 

 thus expresses his views in the preface : — 



' ' This is the principal reason why the technical entomological literature of the time is 

 almost totally neglected by scientific zoology, and ignored. In future it must not be thus. 



A 



