14 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



CENTROPHORUS CALCEUS, Lowe. 



Centrophorus calceus (Lowe), Bocage and Capello, Apuntamentos [chth. de Portugal, Peixea Plagiost., 



Lisbon, 1866, 23. 

 Acanthidium calceus, Lowe, P. Z. S., Loud., 1839, 93. 

 Centrophorus calceus, Lowe, loc. eit. 1843, 93. — Bocage and Capello, Peixes Plagios... 28, pi. 2, li.^. 1. — 



Capeixo, Jorn. Acad. Sc. Lisboa, II, 111. — GCnther, Cat., vm. 123. 

 Centrophorus crepidalbus, Capello, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1864, 261, fig. 2. — Cat. Peix. Port., 1880, 48. 



The labial fold extends for some distance aloug the margin of the jaws. Snout spatulate, 

 much produced, the distance between the nostrils being less than one-third of the length of 

 the prseoral portion of the snout. Lower angle of the pectoral flu rounded, not produced; 

 the length of the bases of the two dorsal flits (without the spines) is nearly equal, and one- 

 half of the distance between them; extremity of the ventral fins below the middle of the 

 second dorsal fin. The scutes arc small, tricuspid, and so minute as to give a velvety appear- 

 ance to the skin. (Oiinthcr.) 



This form occurs off the coasts of Portugal and Madeira. 



CENTROSCYMNUS, Bocage and Capello. 



Centroscymnus, Bocage and Capello, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1864, 263; (type, Centrnscijmniiscn-ioirph, Bocage and 



Capello). — Jordan and Gilbert, Bull, xvi, U. S. Nat. Mus., 17. 

 Centroscymnus (subgenus], GOnther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vm, 123. 



Dorsal fins each with a spine, which is hidden below the skin. Mouth wide, but little 

 arched; a long, deep, straight, oblique groove mi each side of the mouth. Teeth of the lower 

 jaw oblique, with the point more or less directed outwards; upper teeth lanceolate, on a 

 quadrangular base, with a single cusp. Spiracles wide, behind the eye. (Jill openings narrow. 



CENTROSCYMNUS CCELOLEPIS, Bocage aud Capello. (Figure 13.) 



Centrosoymnus eeelolepis, Bocage and Capello, Proc. Zool. Soe., 1864, 263, ii^_ i: Peix. Plagiost., 39, pi. 2, 

 fig. 3.— Capello, Jorn. Acad. Sc. Lisb., n. ill. plate of teeth; Cat. Peix. Port., 1880, 19.— Wright, 

 Ann. and Mag. X. H., 1868, 426.— Goode and Bean, Bull. Esses Inst., 1877, 30.— Vaillant, Exp. Scient. 

 I'rav. and Talisman, 63, pi. II, fig.l. 



Centrophorus ccelolepis, GOnther, op. eit., vm, 123. 



Labial groove prolonged forwards, but separated by a broad space from that of the 

 other side. Upper teeth very small, narrow and lanceolate. The distance between the nos- 

 trils is rather less than one-half the length of the prseoral portion of the snout. Lower angle 

 of the pectoral rounded, not produced. Dorsal fins short, especially the first, the length of 

 which (without the spine) is only about one sixth its distance from the second; extremity of 

 the veutrals below the end of the second dorsal. Scales on the heail and nape with striae; 

 the others smooth, with a depression at the base. Uniform blackish brown. (Oilnther.) 



Capello records the species from Setubal, and J. Y. Johnson obtained an example from 

 the sea of Madeira. The species is abundant on the offshore banks of New England, at the 

 depth of 200 fathoms and more. It is ovoviviparous, like Squalus. 



The naturalists of the French expedition made some very interesting observations upon 

 the breeding habits of this shark, iu August, 1881. .Most of the females were in condition of 

 gestation. The number of youug varied from thirteen to fifteen. These were of various 

 sizes — from 10 to 160 millimeters — and Vaillant, in his report (p. 60), gives interesting 

 details concerning them. It is the idea of Vaillant that these females, at the approach of 

 the breeding season, come nearer to the surface of the water iu order to find a greater heat. 

 the temperature at the great depths where they are supposed ordinarily to live not being 

 sufficient to develop the youug. He remarks, however, that the specimens taken near 

 Setubal, in deeper water were evidently very near the period of parturition, and that it is 

 evident that the removal to warmer temperature is not always indispensable. 



