98 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



II. Dorsal nearly median. 



A. Dorsal slightly in advance of anal, its posterior rays overlapping anterior rays of same. 



A. Body rather elongate, its height about one-eighth of its length. 



1. Teeth in double rows in intermaxillary and mandible. Fangs on vomer. Air bladder absent. 

 Scales present Yarrella 



B. Body very elongate, its height one-twelfth to one-eighteenth of its length. 



1. Teeth small, unequal. Scales large, thin, deciduous DlPLOPnos 



III. Dorsal far in advance of anal, and but slightly behind ventrals. 



A. Vomerine fangs. Air bladder present. Scales present. Teeth in maxillary equal in size 



Photichthys 



GONOSTOMA, Rafinesque. 



Gonostoma, Rafinesque, Ind. Ittiol. Sicil., genus xxvn, p. 64. Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, Pesci, fasc. xxvn. 



Body oblong, compressed, covered with large scales, subequal in size. Series of lumi- 

 nous (phosphorescent) spots run along the branchiostegous membrane, lower parts of the 

 body, and tail. Head conical, much compressed, with the bonesfhin. Cleft of the mouth very 

 M*ide; intermaxillary short, not extending far below the level of the eye; maxillary much 

 longer, forming nearly the entire margin of the jaw; jaws armed With a single series of 

 teeth, unequal in size, minute ones alternating with long, pointed teeth. A band of minute 

 teeth on the palatine and pterygoid bones; palatine with a few conical teeth in front. Eye 

 of moderate size. Pectoral and ventral fins well developed. Dorsal fin on the binder half 

 of the body opposite the anal ; adipose fin small, sometimes fimbriated. Anal long. Cau- 

 dal forked. Gill opening very wide, the outer branchial arch extending forward to behind 

 the symphysis of the lower jaw, and beset with very long gill rakers. Branchiostegals, 

 13 or 14. Pseudobranchia? none. Air bladder none. 



GONOSTOMA DENUDATUM, Rafinesque. (Fig. 116.) 



Gonostoma denudata, Rafinesque, Ind. Ittiol. Sicil., 65. — Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, Pesci, fasc. XXVII, 1840, 



fig. 11. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xxn, 376. — Johnson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. 



Hist., x, 1862, 279.— Gcnther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., v, 391; Challenger Report, xxn, 172.— Vail- 



Lant, Exp. Sci. Travailleur et Talisman, 102. 

 Gasteropehcus acanthurus, Cocco, Giorn. Sc. Lit., 1829, X". 77. 

 Gonostomus acanthuru8,COCCO, Lett.su Sakuoni; 15. pi. 1, fig. 1; Nov. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bologna, fasc. 9, p. 3, pi. 



I, fig. 1. 



The height of the body is contained 5i times in the total length (without caudal) ; the 

 length of the head 1 times. Jaws heterodont, the intermaxillary being armed with 2, the 

 maxillary with about 12 large, distinct teeth, the spaces between them being filled with very 

 small teeth; lower jaw similarly armed with 10 or 11 large teeth. The entire cheek is cov- 

 ered by the enormously enlarged infraorbital. (Giinthcr.) 



Radial formula: D. 14-15; A. 30-31; P. 11-12; V. 8; L. lat. 36. 



This species is known to be common in the Mediterranean and the neighboring parts of 

 the Atlantic, especially off Madeira. 



Its first occurrence in the western Atlantic was in 1881, when it was trawled by the 

 Fish Hawk off the New England coast. It was also obtained by the Albatross, at station 

 2665 in 263 fathoms, and by the French expedition, in 1,180 meters, off the coast of Morocco 

 and off the Cape Verdes, in 160-5S0 meters. 



GONOSTOMA BREVIDENS, Kner & Steindachner. (Figure 117.) 



Gonostoma brevidens, Kner & Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. 'Wissenseh., Vienna, lxj, 1870,443. 



Body elongate, compressed, its height one-sixth of total (without caudal) ; length of 

 head nearly one-fourth. Diameter of eye equal to length of snout, and about one-fifth length 

 of head. Interorbital space about two-thirds diameter of eye. Mouth opening large, oblique, 

 lower jaw projecting ; upper jaw reaches back to the angle of the preoperculum, and is 

 convex on its lower edge. Intermaxillary, maxillary, and mandible provided with a single 

 row of sharp teeth, unequal in size. Tongue toothless. Two stronger teeth near the sym- 



