DISCUSSION of SPECIES AND THEIE DISTRIBUTION. 119 



bones being rather larger than the others; Ihey arc arranged In single series, in the inter- 

 maxillary, mandible, on the palatine and pterygoid bones. Bye large. Pectoral fins well 

 developed; ventrals small, inserted at a ureal distance from the pectorals, below or immedi 



ately behind or in front of the dorsal fin. Dorsal I'm short, on the hind pari of the body; 

 adipose tin small: anal elongate, occupying the end of the tail ; caudal emarginate. (lill 

 opening very wide, the outer branchial arch beset with short, spine-like gill rakers; pseudo- 

 branchiae well developed; branehiostegals, 7. Air bladder none. 1*\ loric appendages n 



PARALEPIS COREGONOIDES, Risso, 



Paralepis coregonoides, Risso, Hist. Nat. Europe Meridionale, in, 1827, 172, pi. vn, fig. 15. — Cuvter and 

 Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vn, 510. — Bonaparte, Icon. Faun. Ital., Peso., fasc, xxvu, fig. — GttN- 

 tiikk, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mas., v, 1864, 418. 



Body elongate, its height contained about 12 times in its length. Eead compressed, 



its lengtb nearly one-fourth of the length of the body. Snout long, conical: deft of mouth 

 moderate: maxillary rod-like, adherent to intermaxillary. Teeth in a single row in the 

 intermaxillary, a few enlarged anteriorly: also on palatines and pterygoids. Eye large, its 

 diameter contained 5 times in the length of the head. Ventral fin very short, inserted 

 below the anterior part of the dorsal. Gill openings very large, free from the isthmus; gill 

 rakers very numerous, minute. Color, silvery: slightly bluish upon the back: blackish 

 upon the belly on account of the transparency of the black peritoneum. Along the lateral 

 line there are some blackish dots. The iris is silvery; the pupil blackish, silvery. 



Eadial formula: D. 10; A. 23; P. 13; V. !>. 



This form is rare in the Mediterranean, but has been found in the waters of Liguria. 

 The Albatross obtained a specimen (No. 37800, IT. S. N. M.) from station 2393, in 28° 43' N. 

 hit., 87° 14' 30" W. Ion., at a depth of 525 fathoms. 



PARALEPIS SPHYR^ENOIDES, Risso. 



Paralepis sphyramoides, Risso, Hist. Nat. Europe Me'ridioiiale, nr, 1827, 473, pi. vn, fig. 16. — Cuviei: and 

 Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vn, 510. — Gcxther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mas., v, 418. 



The length of the head is two-sevenths or one-fourth of the total, without caudal. 

 Pectoral and ventral fins very short. Dorsal inserted behind ventral origin. 



The brief diagnosis given above was derived by Giiuther from a specimen 7A inches 

 long, obtained at Madeira by J. Y. Johnson, Esq. Giiuther identities this doubtfully with 

 the Mediterranean forms described by Risso and others. The National Museum has spec- 

 imens from Nice (No. 40000). 



PARALEPIS BOREALIS, (Reinhardt), Jordan and GILBERT. (Figure 143.) 



Paralepis borealis, Reinhardt, Naturv. Mathem. AfhandL, vn, 115, 125. — GCnther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mas., v, 



418. — Gaimaud, Voy. Scand., Atlas, Poissons, pi. xvi, B., fig. 1. 

 Arctnzenus borealis. Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1864, 188. 

 Sudis borealis, Jordan and Gilbert, Bull, xvi, U. S. Nat. Mas., 277. 



A form with snout as long as rest of head, mandible included, its upturned tip fitting 

 into an emargination of upper jaw. Pectoral and ventral tins small, the latter inserted 

 behind the dorsal. Eead, 4^; depth, 12. 



Radial formula: B. 7; I). 10. A. 32; P. 11; V. '.I. 



This form was first described from Greenland, and has been obtained by the Gloucester 

 fishermen from the Stomachs of fish on the banks, as well as from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 

 where it was collected by Prof. ^Yhiteaves. 



Four specimens were obtained by the Albatross from station 2070, 407 fathoms, in fish 

 stomachs; four from 2077. 488 fathoms. In all of these the teeth had disappeared, prob- 

 ably by the softening of the tissues. 



