260 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



below the eye, broad, short, and extended at its tip; lower jaw projecting, with the knob 

 at its symphysis dwindling into a notch in the upper jaw. Villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, 

 and palatines. Eye very large, and close to the upper profile. Preopercle strongly armed 

 with 5 divergent spines; opercle with '2 spines. Supracapular spiues prominent. 



Scales small, ctenoid, irregular. No latinise upon head or body. 



Fins perciform. Dorsal moderately notched, with 15 spines and an equal number of 

 rays, more closely planted than the spines. Anal with 3 spines and 7 or 8 rays. Pectorals 

 long and narrow. Caudal emarginate. Branchiostegals, 7. Vertebra?, 12+19. 



The type of this genus is Perca marina of Linnaeus, but the generic name was rather 

 whimsically derived from the common name borne in the Balearic Islands by a fish of 

 another genus, the Scorpmna dactyloptera of De la Eoche, already discussed. 



SEBASTES MARINUS, (Linn.ecs), White. (Figure 248.) 



Perca marina, LnowEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 1758,483; ed. xn, 290.— Pennant, Brit. Zool., ed. X, ni, 258, pi. 

 xlviii; ed. 2, in, 34!i, pi. i.ix. 



Sebastm marinus, White, Catalogue of British Fishes, 8. 



Cyprinus pelagicus, Lixx.eus. Fauna Suecica, I, 1764, 320. 



Perca norwegica, MOller, Zoologi* Danicae, I77!t, 46. — Fabricius, Fauna Graenlandiea, 167. 



Sebastes norvegicus, Cuviek and Valenciennes, iv, 1829, 327. pi. lxxxvii. — Yarrell, Brit. Fish., ed.l, 73, cut; 

 ed. 2, i. 87; ed. 3, n, 72.— Jenyns, Brit. Vert.. 347. — Eichakdson, Faun. Bor.-Amer., Fish.,52.— Storer, 

 Rep. Fish. Mass., 26; Hist. Fish. Mass., 1867, 38, pi. VU, fig. 1.— DeKay, Zool. N. Y., Fish., 60, pi. IV, fig. 

 2. — KrOyer, Danm. Fisfce, 270. — Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, 82. — GOnther, Cat. Fish. Brit. 

 Mus., u,95; Challenger Report, xxn, 17. — Malmgren, Ofvers. Sven. Yet. Akad. Forh., 1865,508. — Collett, 

 Norses Fiske, 19. — LiJTKEN, Vid. Medd., 1876, 358.— GoODE and Bean, Bull. Essex Inst., xi, 14.— Day, 

 Fish. Great Britain and Ireland, i, 42, pi. xviii.— Jordan and Gilbert, Bull, xvi, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 651. 



Helocentrus norvegicus, Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 319. 



Scorposna norvegica, Richardson, op. cit., 52. — Jenyns, op. <i/., 347. — Johnson, Berwickshire Nat. Club, 

 i, 1838,170. 



Serranus norvegicus, Fleming, British Animals, 212. — Johnson, Mag. Nat. Hist., vi, 1833, 15. 



Sebastes septentrionalis, Gaimard, Voy. Islande et Groenland, Poissons, pi. ix. 



A Sebastes with compressed body, elevated dorsal outline and straightish ventral outline. 



Top of head scaly: interorbital space concave, with two low ridges; cranial ridges 

 moderate, rather low and sharp; preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic and occipital 

 ridges present, the latter with divergent tips; suprascapular spines sharp and prominent, 

 opercular spines long and sharp, subopercular spine prominent; preopercular spines slender 

 and sharp, the second longest. Suborbital stay not reaching preopercle; preorbital narrow, 

 with two spines. 



Eye very large, more than twice as long as interorbital space, and one third as long as 

 head. Mouth large, oblique, with broad maxillary, which reaches middle of eye; tip of 

 lower jaw much projecting, with a conspicuous knob at symphysis; mandible and maxillary 

 scaly. 



Pseudobranchire very large; gill rakers long, stiff, and strong. 



Dorsal tin deeply emarginate, with sharp spines, the longest about equal to diameter of 

 eye; soft rays higher than the spines. Caudal narrow, moderately forked. Anal spines 

 moderate, graduated, the second a little shorter than eye. Pectoral with narrow base and 

 rather long, reaching vertical from vent. Ventral reaching to vent. Scales small, irregular, 

 not strongly ctenoid; about 40 tubes in the lateral line, and about 8.j scales in longitudinal 

 series. 



Color: red, nearly uniform, sometimes a dusky opercular blotch, and about five vague 

 dusky bars on the back. Peritoneum brownish. 



Radial formula: D. xv, 13; A. m, 7. 



This well known form is abundant between the hundred fathoms line off the south 

 coast of New England, and has been found as low as 180 fathoms. It breeds abundantly in 

 late summer at these depths, and there is no reason to believe that the young rise to the 

 surface. The fry were caught by the bushel in the trawl net, and were eaten on the Fish 

 Hawk, cooked after the manner of "whitebait," 



