DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND THEIE DISTRIBUTION. 263 



MY 1 1 SPECIES 01 SETARCHES AND LIOSCOBPIU6. 



I. Head with low, parallel ridges above, and a few inconspicuous spines Setarches 



A. Bod; elongate (height at centrals less than length of head) 



1. Snout long, spines on preorbital retrorse. 



,i. Pectoral very elongate, extending beyond middle of anal S. GCnther] 



■j. Snout nut much longer than eye. Spines on preorbital antrorse. 



a. Pectoral fan-shaped, nol reaching to origin of anal S. fidjiensis 



B. Body less elongate (height al centrals equal to or greater than length of .head). 



l. mi. nit moderate. No spines on preorbital. 



a. Pectoral elongate, placed high S. parmatus 



II. Head smooth :ibove, ami with inueiiVnms cavities Lioscourirs 



A. Bodj moderately elongate; head and snout very long. 



1. Head without spmes, except three upon preopercle and two on opercle. 



«. Pectoral moderate, its upper rays longest, not reaching to origin of anal L. longiceps 



SETAECHES GUNTHERI, Johnson. 



Setarches Giinther*, JOHNSON, Proo. Zoi'il. Soe., London, 1862, 177. pi. xxm. 



A Setarches having body and head elongate; the height of the body over ventrals 

 equal to height under antepenultimate dorsal spine, and contained nearly 4 times in 

 length of body (without tail); length of head 2i in length of body. 



Head not much compressed. Width of interorbital space 1} times the diameter of the 

 eye. which is somewhat below the profile. No conspicuous ridges upon the top of the head, 

 but two low, flat, occipital spines. Snout If times as long as the diameter of the eye. 

 Mouth wide, somewhat oblique; maxillary with a much expanded posterior extremity, reach- 

 ing nearly to vertical from posterior margin of orbit. Lower jaw projecting, with a strong, 

 bony tubercle at its symphysis. Sides of head strongly armed. Three slender, sharp, 

 closely set, parallel spines, of which the middle one is slightly the longest, at the angle of 

 the suboperculuni, and 2 smaller spines on its lower limb. Two long, strong spines upon 

 the opercular Hap. Two strong, retrorse spines upon the preorbital, their points projecting 

 down over the maxillary. 



Head scaleless, except upon the opercle. Scales small, cycloid, there being about 86 

 in the longitudinal series. The lateral line passing with a broad, gentle curve under the 

 notch between the two dorsals, from a point very near the dorsal profile to the middle of the 

 base of the caudal. It has no scales, but conspicuous skinny tubes, of which the figure 

 indicates 28 to 30. Dorsal insertion in advance of that of pectoral, with the first spine about 

 half as long as the diameter of the eye, and separated somewhat from the second, which is 

 the longest, and more than twice the eye; followed by others which gradually and irregu- 

 larly decrease in length to the tenth, which is about equal to the first, which is followed 

 behind the notch by a slender one as long as the sixth. Nine soft dorsal rays, the longest 

 as long as the first dorsal spine, but the length of the base of this tin is less than half that 

 of the spinous dorsal. Anal inserted under the posterior portion of soft dorsal, with 3 

 spines and 5 rays. Ventral under the first dorsal spine, its longest rays equal to the exter- 

 nal caudal rays. Pectoral very broad at its base, which occupies nearly half the height 

 of the body, and with 22 rays, of which the first two and the last five are simple, the re- 

 mainder branched: the upper branched rays tire very long, one third as long as the body, and 

 reach beyond the origin of the anal. Caudal truncate, its middle rays as long as the soft 

 dorsal. 



Color, uniform pink red. minutely dotted with black. 



Radial formula: D. X-xi, I, 9; A. in, 5; P. 2 + 15+.-); V. I, 5; C. 4+7 + 4. 



A single specimen, !• inches long, now in the British .Museum, was found by Johnson 

 at Madeira and named in honor of Dr. Giinther. The depth of its habitat was not at 

 that time observed, but from what is known of the habits of its associates, it can not be 

 doubted thai it is a deep sea form. 



S. fidjiensis, Giinther, was obtained by the Challenger at station 17.".. oil' Matuku in the 

 Fiji Islands, at a depth of 315 fathoms, a single specimen .'1 inches long. It is shorter than 



