220 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



moutli narrow. Teeth small, in a single series in the jaws ; teeth on the vomer and palatines. 

 The first dorsal continuous, with 10 or 11 spines; second dorsal and anal long, similar to 

 each other, with no detached flnlets; no separate anal spines; caudal fin not deeply forked ; 

 veutrals long and broad, attached to the belly by a membrane, depressible in a deep fissure 

 in the abdomen. Pseudobranchise large. Air-bladder present. Pyloric caeca very numer- 

 ous. Vertebras, 1(1+25. Branchiostegals, (3. 



This form was for thirty years considered to be most closely related to the Gobies. Its 

 relation to the Scombroids was first pointed out by Cuvier in 1817. 



NuMEUS GRONOVII, (Gmelin), Gunther. (Figure 227.) 



Gobius Gronovii, Gvelin, Linn., Syst. Nat., 1788, 1205. 

 Nomeus Gronovii, Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. n, 387. 

 Nomeus Mauritii, Cuv. and Val., ix, 243. — Gunther, ii, 387. 



Maxillary reaching to below the front of the eye; veutrals reaching front of anal, pec- 

 torals still further. Color, black, tlie upper parts blue. Sides silvery white or milky white, 

 with about five black blotches, the first two, or more, of which are band like. Bach caudal 

 lobe with a black blotch at the base. Younger examples have the blotches fewer and 

 less defined. Veutrals with a broad black margin and with black along their inner edge, 

 the rest white, A black blotch on the anal base near the origin of the fin. Pectoral base 

 with a black blotch. Iris silvery white. 



Radial formula: D. x-i, 2fl; A. in, 26. 



Nomeus Gronovii is one of the most widely distributed and abundant of all pelagic 

 fishes, occurring as it does in the Tropical Atlantic and in the Indian Ocean. It has 

 been found as far north as the Bermudas (Goode). It abounds in the Sargasso Sea and 

 under Physalia. Ten individuals were taken in a dip net, from the deck of the Albatross, 

 off the Florida coast, all swimming under one Portuguese man-of-war. 



The large fan-shaped veutrals are used as support in resting on the bottom, and in 

 swimming they are generally closed in their groove unless the fish is moving leisurely, 

 when they may be partly expanded. 



BATHYSERIOLA, Alcock. 

 Bathyseriola, Alcock, Ann. and Mag. Nat, Hist,, 1890, II, 202. 



Body oblong and compressed, covered with small, deciduous, cycloid scales. Lateral 

 line apparently unarmed. First dorsal fin continuous, with rather feeble spines; the 

 second and the anal much more developed, and without finlets. Anal spines approximated 

 to ami continuous with the rest of the fin. Ventral with a continuous membranous attach- 

 ment to the abdomen. Cleft of mouth narrow; villiform teeth in the jaws only. Preoper- 

 cular border entire. Seven branchiostegals. Pseudobranchke, Pyloric appendages numer- 

 ous. No air bladder. Vertebra-, 10+14. (Alcoclc.) 



The genus is represented by a single species, B. cyanea, Alcock, taken by the Investiga- 

 tor off the Madras coast, at station 00, in 98-102 fathoms. 



PSENES, Cuvier and Valenciennes. 



Psenes, Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ix, 259.— GCnther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., n, 259. — 

 Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 127; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 1886, 672.— Lctken, Spolia Atlan- 

 tic^, 105 (513). 



Cubiceps, Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843, 82. — Gcnther, luc cit. — Gill, loc cit. — Lutken, lor at. 



Atimostoma, Smith, 111. Zoiil. S. Africa, Fishes, pi. xxiv. 



Xavarchus, De Filippi and Verany, Mem. Accad. Sci. Turin, 2d ser., xvni, 7. 



Trachelocirrus, Doumet, Rev. et Mag. Zoologie, 1-63, pi. xv. 



Body somewhat compressed, clothed with cycloid scales of moderate size. Mouth- 

 cleft narrow, with short, swollen snout. First dorsal with 6 to 10 spines, second dorsal and 

 anal much longer, similar, without finlets, 1 to 3 anal spine? joined to soft part of fin. Pecto- 



