222 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



LUVARUS, Rafinesque. 



Luvarus, Rafinesque, Caratteri, Animali e Piante di Sicilia, 1810, 22. — Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 



ii, 413. — Day, Fishes Great Britain, etc., I, 121. 

 Diana, Risso, op. cit., 342. 



Ausonia, Eisso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid.. 1X26, in, 267 (young).— Gunther, loc.cit. 

 Proctostegus, Nardo, Mem. " DeProctostego," 1827. 

 Astrodermus, Cuviei: and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 1833, 353 (young). 



Luvarids, with body oblong, anteriorly enlarged, but compressed and attenuated pos- 

 teriorly. Mouth terminal, small. Teeth in a single row in jaw s. minute, finely pectinate (in 

 young also on palatines and tongue). A single dorsal, composed of unarticulated, flexible, 

 widely-set spines, much longer in adult than in young; in adult occupying only the last 

 half of the length of the body. Anal similar to dorsal. Yentrals thoracic, varying in 

 extent, sometimes absent. Caudal forked. A longitudinal keel along either side of root of 

 tail in adults. Vent below pectoral axils. Scales soft, deciduous, branny. Air-bladder 

 large; ca-cal appendages few. Bones soft and fragile. 



LUVARUS IMPERIALIS, Rafinesque. (Figure 230.) 



Luvarus imperialis, Rafinesque, loc. cit.; Ind. It. Sieil. 319, pi. I, fig. 1. — Bonaparte, Catalogo Metodico, 



No. 700.— Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IX, 412.— Giglioli, Elenco, 26.— Moreau, Hist. 



Nat. Poiss. France, n, 511. — Day, Fish. Gt. Britain and Ireland, I, 121, pi. xi.m. 

 Corgphana elegans, Risso, Mem. prrs l'lnst., 1814 (young). 

 Diana semilunata, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. M^rid., 1826, in, 341 (young). — GCnther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., n, 



413. — Steindachner, Ichth. Spain and Portugal, 1868, 31. 

 Ausonia Cuvieri, Risso, op. cit., 342, pi. xxvm. — Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843, 1884.— Bonaparte, 



op. cit. No. 679. — Gunther, op. cit., 414 ; Proc. Zool. Soc, 1886, 336, with figure of skeleton. — Canestrini, 



Fauna Italica, Pesci, 108. — Couch, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1866, 332, figure. — Steindachner, up. 



cit., 31. 

 Proctostegus proctostegus, Nardo, Prodr. Ohs. et Disq. Adriat. Ichth. in Diar. Phys. Chem. et Nat. Ticini, i, 



1827, 18, 42. 

 Proctostegus prototgpus, Nardo, oj>. cit., with figure. 

 Astrodermus corgphwnoides, Cuviei; and Valenciennes op. cit., ix, 353, pi. ccixx.— Swainson, Fishes, n, 



255.— Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1840, 37; Trans. Zool. Soc, in, 7. 

 Astrodermus J'atcncicnnc«i. Cocco, Giorn. Sci. Lett. Art. Sic, 153, figure. 

 Astroderma plumVeum, Lowe. Proc. Zoiil. Soc, 1843, 83. 



Astrodermus elegans, Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, Pesci, figure. — Canestkini, op. cit., 108. — Morf.au op. cit., 514. 

 Ausonia Cocksii, Couch, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xvm, 1866, 424; Cornish Zoology, 1866, 500. — Bullmore, 



Jour. Royal Institute of Cornwall, 1X66, No. vi, 61, figure. 



This fish was originally described from a specimen 5 feet long seen by Eafinesque at 

 Solanto, Sicily, June 15, 1808. It has since been observed at Nice, in the Adriatic and 

 at Malta and Elba, and at Cette, whence came the beautiful specimen which we have seen in 

 the Museo Civico of Genoa. 



Prof. Giglioli was the first to point out the interesting series of metamorphoses by 

 which Astrodermus and Diana develop into Ausonia and Luvarus. 



Lowe observed both young and old at Madeira, and Steindachner found it on the coast 

 of Spain. Two were thrown ashore on the Cornish coast in 18G6, and from one of these, 

 45 inches long, Day had made the excellent figure for his ''Fishes of Great Britain and 

 Ireland." 



Family LAMPRIDID^E. 



Lamprididw, Gill, Arr. Fam. Fishes, 1872, 7 (No. 87); Johnson's Cyclopaedia, n, 1621.— Jordan and Gil- 

 bert, Bull, xvi, U. S. N. M., 453. 



Scombroidea with an oval, much compressed body ; scales small, deciduous, mouth small. 

 Teeth absent in adults. Branchiostegal rays six; dorsal and anal fins long, undivided ; 

 ventral fins multiradiate, subabdominal. Pyloric cseca numerous. Air bladder large and 

 posteriorly bifurcate. ( G ill. ) 



