DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND TUEIK DISTRIBUTION. 229 



the base of the dorsal anil anal (ins. Ventral fins composed of 1 spine and 5 rays. Minute 

 teeth in the jaws and on the vomer, none on the palatine bones. Branchiostegals 5; air- 

 bladder large. Pyloric appendages in small number. (Ghimther.) 



CAPROS APER, (Li.\.\.r.r.-0, Lacepede. 



Zeus aper, I.ixx i is. Syst. Nat., ed. x. 1 758, i, 266. 



Caprosaper, Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv. p. 591.— (ii xtukr. Cat. Fish. Brit. Mas., n, p. 496. — V.ullant, 

 Exp. Sci. Travailleur < t Talisman, Poiss., 1888, 353. 



A Capros with upper and lower profiles of the snout concave, with small scales, with 

 strong spines in the dorsal and ventral litis. Adults usually brownish red; young, some 

 grayish, others red approaching Vermillion on the upper parts, silvery white below; iris 

 golden, with some red spots. 



Radial formula: D. ix, 23 24; A. in 23: V. i 5; Cue. pylor. 2; Vert, 10-12 13. 



The Boarfish of English authors is said to be common in the .Mediterranean, and has 

 also been found in the waters of Madeira; stragglers have a few times been taken on the 

 south coast of England and Ireland; the French explorers found it at various depths from 

 30 to 175 fathoms in the Gulf of Gascogne, on the coast ot Morocco, Soudan, and Spain, 

 and on the Banc D'Arguin. It is one of those forms which, while more especially charac- 

 teristic of the shore fauna, descends into moderately deep waters adjacent, and is by 

 courtesy admitted to the deep-sea lists, especially since the other members of the same 

 family are characteristic deep-water forms, and, in the opinion of Dr. Gunther, but rarely 

 come to the surface. 



ANTIGONIA, Lowe. 



Anligonia, Lowe, Prnc. Zoi.il. Soc. London, 1843, 85. 



Caprophonus, Mi'i.i.ki; and Trosciiel, Horse Ichthyologies, in, 28. 



Body very compressed and elevated, covered with rather small spiny scales; mouth 

 little protractile. Dorsal fin continuous, with 8 spines; 3 anal spines, remote from the soft 

 portion. Ventral fins composed of 1 spine, and 5 rays. Very small teeth in the jaws. 

 Branchiostegals 5 to 7. (Qiinther.) 



ANTIGOXIA CAPROS, LOWE. (Figure 235.) 



Antigonia capros, Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loiul., 1843, 85. — GOnther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., ii. 497; Chal- 

 lenger Report. \\i. 1NX7, u.— Steintiai finer, Denksc.hr. Akad. Wiss.Wieu, xlix, 1SS4, 187, pi. v. 



Caprophonus aurora, Mi i.i.kr and Troschel, Hone Ichthyologies, III, p. xxvin. tat', v. tig. 1. 



Hypsinotus ruhescens, Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poissons, 84, pi. xlii. tig. 2. — GOnther, Report on the 

 Shore Fishes, Chall. Report, part vi. 44. (Young.) 



Antigonia Mullen, Klunzinger, Sitzh. Akad. Wiss. Wien, i.xxxm. 1879, 380, pi. v. tig 3. 



An Antigonia witli the : height of the body five sixths of its total length, and averystrODg 

 striated ventral spine. Color red. (Giiuther.) 



Radial formula: D. vm. 34; A. m, 32-33; V. i, 5; P.. 5-7. 



Antigonia capros is a cosmopolitan form, first known from the mid-Atlantic, off Bar- 

 bados and Madeira; since obtained in Japan, near the Ki Islands and Manatlo. The 

 greatest depth at which it has been taken is 120 fathoms, off the Ki Islands. 



Family TETRAGONURIDvE. 



Let Tetragonurides, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Mend., m. 1829, 381. 

 Tetragouuridee, Bonaparte, Saggio, ls:;7: Catalogo Metodico, 1846, 72. 

 Tetragonurina, GOnther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., hi, 407. 



Scombroidea with long, slender body, covered with hard, ciliated, grooved scales, which 

 are very adherent. A dorsal divided into two portions, closely connected, the soft pari 

 shorter and higher. Mouth subvertical; teeth in jaws in single series and on palate. Air- 

 bladder none. 



