244 DEEP-SEA FISHES OP THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



rivers and in very shallow water. Only one species has been found at considerable depths, 

 and it is probable that its occurrence out of the shallows was not positively determined. 



CHROMIS, Cuvier. 



Chromis, Cuvier, Regne Animal, ed. 1, n, 1877, 266. 



Helioses, Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. v, 493. Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., i, 1815, 353. 



Heliastes, GOnther, Cat. Fish Brit. Mus., IV, 60. 



Preoperculum not denticulated. Teeth small, conical, in a narrow band or irregular 

 series. Dorsal fin with 12 to 14 spines, anal with 2. Scales of moderate size; the lateral 

 line ceases below the posterior portion of the dorsal fin. Branchiostegals 5; gills 3. 1 ; 

 pseudobranchiaj present; pyloric appendages 2. 



A single representative of this well-known tropical genus, has been found under such 

 circumstances as to lead to the belief that it could live in deep water. This is C. roseus, 

 the Heliastes roseus of Giinther. Challenger Report, VI, 1880, 45, pi. xx, 1887, page 76. It 

 was taken at Challenger station 192, off the Ki Islands, in 140 fathoms. 



Family SCORP^ENIDvE. 



Let Scorpenides, Risso, Hist. Nat. Europe Meridionals, 1826, m, 109, 367. 



Scorpamidce, SwainsON, Nat. Hist. Fish, etc., n, 1839, 180. — Gill, Arr. Fam. Fishes, 1872, 6 (No. 58).— Gun- 



thkr, Zoological Record, vn, 1S70. 91; Challenger Report, xxn, 16. — Gill, Johnson's Cyclopaedia, IV, 



143. — Jordan and Gilbert, Bull, xvi, U S. Nat. Mas., 650. 

 Scorpcenina, GOnther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., n. 1860, 87, 95. 



Cataphracti (part), Cuvier, Regne Animal, both editions. — MCller, Berlin, Abhandl., 1844, 201. 

 Sclerogenidw (part), Owen, Lectures. Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates, i. 19. 

 Triglidx (part), Kaup, Wiegmann's ArcMv., 1858,329. 

 Scorpwnoidei, Bi.keker, Tentamen, 1859, XXI. 

 Scorpeenini, Bonaparte, Catalogo Metodico, 1846, 61. 



Scorpamoid 1 fishes with body oblong, more or less compressed, head moderately 

 large, often inflated laterally, usually with one or more pairs of spine-tipped ridges 

 above, opercle usually with two, preopercle with five, spinous processes. Mouth wide, ter- 

 minal, with, villiform teeth on jaws, vomer and palatines. Premaxillaries protractile. A 

 bony stay, extending from the suborbital to the preopercle. Branchial apertures ex- 

 tending forward, wide, separate, and free from isthmus. Scales ctenoid, or rarely 

 cycloid, sometimes nearly obsolete. Lateral line single, continuous, concurrent with the 

 back. Dorsal fin with 8 to 16 rather strong spines, and a similar number of rays, set closer 

 than the spines so that the soft portion of the fin is the shorter, the fin being sometimes 

 continuous and sometimes notched so deeply as to divide it into two parts. Anal rather 

 short, with 3 spines and 5 to 10 rays. Ventrals thoracic or post thoracic, with 1 spine and 

 4 to 9 rays. Soft fin rays all branched except lower rays of pectoral. Air bladder pres- 

 ent. Pseudobranchige large. Pyloric caeca few (less than 12). 



KEY TO ATLANTIC DEEP-SEA GENERA OF SCORPAENID.E. 



I. Dorsal continuous, though somewhat notched. 



A. Dorsal spines XII; anal m, 5; vertebra 10-f-14. 



1. Head naked above, with several series of spinous ridges. Scales cycloid. Cheeks smooth. 

 Opercles sometimes scaleless. 



a. A square occipital pit. Cheeks and opercles scaleless. Scales on body small. Laciniae 

 present. Pectorals broad, rounded, procurrent Scorivena 



6. "Wide, muciferous cavities in superficial bones of skull. Scales on lateral parts of head hid- 

 den in skin. Cleft of mouth very wide." Sea of Japan [Bathysebastes] 



2. Head scaly above. Scales ctenoid, on cheeks and opercles, as well as on body. 



a. No occipital pit. Pectorals not procurrent. 



Pectoral rays in three groups, the medial ones of branched rays. Suborbital keel smooth, 



or with a single anterior spine HelicOLENUS 



Pectoral rays all simple. Two retrorse spines on each preorbital. Suborbital keel with three 



strong spines Pontinus 



1 Gill's superfamily Scorpwnoidea ,, including Scorposnidce, Synanceidee, Hexagrammidce, and Anoplopomidw) 

 is composed of mail-cheeked fishes 'having the hypercoracoid and hypocoracoid bones normally devel- 

 oped, a complete myodoine, and post-temporals normally articulated with the cranium." 



