DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND THEIB DISTRIBUTION. 245 



B. Dorsal xni. &-S; anal in. 6-9; vertebra 12+15. 



1. Crania] ridges more or less developed. I lead more or less scaly. 

 a. Palatine teel li present. 



Scales small i 'JO-UK) in lateral line). Lower jaw milch projecting. Cranial ridges low. 

 Anal III, 9 [SEBASTODES] 



Scales moderate I 15-80. i Analm, 5-9 [Seb istichthys] 



C. Dorsal spines w Sebastomi s and Sebastosomus 



1. Anal in. 7-8; vertebra li-M l !l - Head scaly above, with one or two pairs of spine-tipped ridges. 

 a. Pectorals long, narrow. Ventrals posl thoracic. Scales ctenoid. Nolacinise Sebastes 



2. Anal in. .">. Vertebra unknown. 



a. Pectorals with Iowerrays prolonged in a linguiform lobe. 

 Ventrals under axils of pectorals, with outer rays produced, thick, uuhranched-.SEBAST0I.0BUS 

 II. Dorsal deeply notched, in two pints. 

 A. Dorsal spiles. \ | 1. Anal III, 5-6. 



1. Pectoral with medial rays branched. Low. inconspicuous spines on the vertex Setarches 



2. Pectoral simple. Head smooth, unarmed above [Lioscorpius] 



SCORP^ENA, Linnaeus. 



Scorp<rna, Artepi, Genera, 17, xx, 17. — Linn eds, Sj sterna Natures, ed. x, 1758, 266,(type, Scorpwnaporcus). — 

 i;i Niiiii:. Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., II, 107. — Jordan and Gilbert, Bull, xvi, U. S. N. M., 678,679. 



Scorpaenids having the body oblong, somewhat compressed. Head large, not much 

 compressed, naked above and armed with several series of spinous ridges, and with dermal 

 flaps. A quadrate pit at the occiput, month large, with bands of villiform teeth on jaws, 

 vomer, and palatines. Scales mostly ctenoid, of moderate size, often with skinny Haps, 

 cheeks naked, opercles sometimes without scales. Dorsal fin with 12 stout spines; anal 

 with 3 spines, the second commonly the longest; pectorals large, rounded, the base procur- 

 reiit; the upper rays divided, the lower simple in till our species; ventrals inserted behind 

 pectorals. No air bladder. Vertebrae 10+ 11. 



This genus, which is widely distributed throughout the East Indian seas, is represented 

 in the shore faunas of the Atlantic basin by two European and two tropical American 

 forms. S. Plumieri, Schneider, occurs throughout the West Indies and north to the Ber- 

 mudas, and is always a shoal-water form. S. irasiliensis, C. & V., a smaller scaled form 

 with shorter body, is a shore form from the coast of Brazil. The European forms both 

 occur in the Mediterranean. The Italians have noted them from Genoa, Naples, and Sicily 

 and around to the head of the Adriatic, the French from Nice, Cette, and Marseilles, and 

 the Portuguese from Lisbon. Both have been observed in the Gulf of Gascony, at Biarritz 

 and La Itochelle. S. scrofa has not been seen on the coasts of Vendee or farther north, 

 but is abundant at Madeira, where there is also a local species, ,v. ustulata, to which it is 

 closely allied. S.porcus follows the French coast as far north as Dieppe. Cuvier was 

 entirely in error in supposing that it occurs in the western Atlantic, but appears to have 

 had specimens from Teneriffe. Lowe's remarks about Seorpcena scrofa and its habits at 

 Madeira are very important, lie notices the tendency of this form to become modified for 

 residence in deeper regions. 



SCORP.ENA SCROFA OBESA, Lowe. 



Seorpcena scrofa, Auctoeom, (in part). 



Seorpcena scrofa, var. S. obese. I.owi:. Fishes of Madeira, lSPo, 105. 



A Seorpcena with oblong body, whose height is 3J-4 times in its length, covered with 



scales of derate size, there being 40-4G in the lateral line; the posterior ones are ciliated. 



Head longer than high, its length about one-third of total, scaleless and smooth. Interor 

 bital space deeply concave. Occipital pit broader than long. Cirri upon head and trunk, 

 larger along lateral line Third dorsal spine nearly half as long as the head. Second anal 

 spine more than one-third as long as head. 



Color yellowish red, the fins marbled with brown, a blackish blotch upon the body 

 under the space between the sixth and tenth spines. 



Radial formula: D. XI, 1+9-10; A. III. 5; P. I. S-10; V. I, 5. 



