DISCUSSION OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION. 2-49 



HELICOLENUS DACTYLOPTERUS, (De n Rocm i Goode and Bean. Figure 244.) 



Swrpwna dactyloptera, In n Roche, Ann. Mus. Paris, xn, 316, :>37. PI. xxn, fig. 9. — Risso, lehthyol- 



ogiedeNice, 1810, 186 (Nice); Hist. Nat. Eur. Meridionale, 1826, in, 369. 

 Sebastes dactylopterut, 6t s'THKR, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus, II, 1860,99. 



loplai dat tylopients, Good] and Bi ln, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., \. L'l 1. — .!■ hzhan. Cat. Fish. N. Amor. 108. 

 Scorpa mi i Pontinus) daciylopti rus, Jordan and Gilbi kt, BuU. \ \ i, I '. s. Nat. Mus. <>"'■*. 



A Helicolenus with body and bead somewhat compressed, and back arcuate; its height at 

 the ventrals 2f in its total length (without caudal) ; the length of the head about 2£. The 

 second dorsal spine about equal in length to the fourth, and both shorter than the third. 

 Scales moderate, finely pectinate upon the margins, presenting a rough surface. No der- 

 mal flaps. Preopercular spines five in number, somewhat conspicuous, and uniform in 

 size, except the second, which is a little longer and sharper than the others. Upper margin 

 of the eye touching upper profile of head, its diameter 3 to 3i in length of head. Max- 

 illary long, somewhat curved, its posterior extremity reaching about to the vertical from 

 the posterior margin of the pupil. Lower jaw equal in length to the upper, or sometimes 

 passing slightly beyond it. Upper jaw notched, the lower with a median tubercle corres- 

 ponding to the notch. 



The lateral line is distant from the dorsal outline a space equal to three-quarters the 

 diameter of the orbit, and follows a nearly straight line to the point below the end of the 

 soft dorsal, thence with a gentle curve to a point slightly above the middle of the base of 

 the caudal. The number of longitudinal rows of scales is hard to determine. There appear 

 to be about 50 and 28-30 of them are tube bearing. 



The dorsal fin is inserted above the inner, upper angle of the opercular flap, and the 

 length of its spinous portion is considerably less than the length of the head. Its second, 

 third and fourth spines are the longest, the third slightly exceeding the other two; while 

 the following ones gradually decrease to the eleventh, which is considerably shorter than 

 the tenth, which is equal to the fifth. The soft dorsal is composed of 12 rays, the last 

 bifid; and its height at its middle is considerably greater than that of the third dorsal 

 spine, anil nearly equal to that of the postocular portion of the head; its rays project far 

 beyond the membranes. The anal is inserted under the origin of the soft dorsal, and is 

 nearly equal to it in height. The tip of the ventral extends beyond the vent, the lower 

 pectoral rays sometimes going to the same vertical. The base of the pectoral is equal in 

 width to the postocular portion of the head, and almost equal to its longest or median 

 rays, which reach to the vertical from the vent; the tin is broad and fan-shaped; its first 

 two raj s are simple, the nine following branched, the last eight simple ami slender, nearly 

 half of their extremities free from connecting membranes. 



Color, red above, white below, with the color of the back extending in transverse 

 bands upon the sides. Dark blotches or bands on the opercles and dorsal fin. 



Radial formula: D. xn, 12-13; A. in, 6;V. I, 0. 



De la Roche states that at Iviga this form is found only at considerable depths, outside of 

 the regions commonly frequented by the fishermen; indeed, that it is very rare, or scarcely 

 at all known, in the markets of the towns where the fishermen are not in the habit of going 

 far out to sea. He saw many individuals taken off Iviga at a depth of 200 to 290 meters, 

 and in the vicinity of Barcelona saw the same species from a depth of 540 meters. At iviga 

 the species is known as the Strait imperial, ami at Barcelona as the Fanegal. 



Risso says that the specimens seen by him at Nice corresponded perfectly with the 

 description and figure ofDela Roche, and thai it is very common in that part of the Medi- 

 terranean, where it is known as the Cardouniera; that itgrows to a length of 30 centimeters 

 and a weight of 2 kilograms; that it is obtained on rocky bottoms at considerable depths 



throughout the entire year, and that he has observed females full of eggs in summer. Gi S- 



trini identities it from Naples under the name Scor/ano difunal, and says it is known only 

 at great depths. His diagnosis corresponds fairly well with that of De la Roche, but we do 

 not know whether it is original or quoted. Giglioli identities the same from Genoa, Messina, 

 and Catania. 



