352 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



ble above the skin. The seven anterior rays are longer, however, forming a sickle-shaped 

 tin almost separate from the main dorsal fin in advance; the first ray is nearly 4 times as 

 high as the second, its height nearly equal to that of the body; this ray is spinous, and 

 thicker than the others, but smaller than in L. Cepedianus, and very sharp. The pectorals 

 are placed very low down, close to the gill-opening. The veutrals, as in the European 

 species, are very minute, and placed directly under the posterior edge of the pectoral. 



Eadial formula: D. 9, 212; A. 3+18; C. 17; P. 1(5; V. 5. 



Color, pale blue, becoming white on the lower parts and blackish blue upon the head; 

 the fins are pale blood red; the iris of the eye is silvery white, shaded with bluish. 



This species seems to be well distinguished from those of the Atlantic and Mediterra- 

 nean, having a lower frontal crest; the first dorsal fin almost completely differentiated; the 

 dorsal confluent with the anal; the mouth much less vertical, and with very different 

 coloration. The species was obtained by Mr. Burger in Japan, and by him a figure and 

 certain notes appear to have been made. The figure has the appearance of being an exact 

 one, and it would seem impossible to reconcile it with the Atlantic forms. 



The fish must be exceedingly rare in Japanese waters. We have been unable to find 

 any traces of it in the numerous drawings of Jaiiauese fishes by native artists which we 

 have examined. 



Suborder ANACANTHINI. 



Teleostean fishes characterized by spineless vertical and ventral fins, the latter jugular 

 or thoracic when present, and the air bladder, if developed, with no pneumatic duct. 

 The hypercoracoid imperforate. A foramen between the hypercoracoid and the hypocora- 

 coid. (Gill.) 



Family GADID^E. 



/ Gadini, Rafinesque, Indice d'lttiologia Siciliana, 1810, 11. 



Des Gades, Cuviku, Rogue Animal, ed. I, 1817, II, 211. 



Des Gadoidcs, Cuviek, Rogue Animal, cd. II, 1829, n, 330. 



Gadidoe, Bonaparte, Saggio, 1832, 37.— Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fish., etc., ix:>7. n. 183.— Bonaparte, Catologo 



Metodlco, 1846, 42. — Owen, Lect. Comp. Anat. — Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mas. iv. 326. — Cope, lsTO.— 



Gill, Arr. Fain. Fish, 1872, 3 (No. 27). 

 Gadoidei, Muller, Berl. Abhandl. 1870.— Bleeker, Tentamen, 1859, xxvi. 



Anacanthine fishes, with elongate, posteriorly concoidal body; isocercal tail; scales 

 cycloid and small, sometimes wanting. Head large, with terminal mouth. Gill-openings 

 wide; gill membranes usually free from isthmus. Vertical fins well separated. Dorsal 

 fin in one, two, or three sections, the latter — as well as the anal, which is also sometimes 

 divided into two — sometimes united with the caudal. Veutrals subjugular. Gills 4, a slit 

 behind the fourth. No pseudobranchia;. Pyloric caeca usually numerous, but sometimes 

 few in number or absent. 



There is a general resemblance between this family and the Brotulidce. Indeed Jordan 

 and Gilbert make the Brotulids a subfamily of Gadida: "We follow Gill for the present. 



The Brotulids may be most readily distinguished by the veutrals which are always 

 narrow and jugular, and usually filamentous fin those Gadoids, which have narrow, 

 filamentous veutrals, there are always two dorsals] and by the almost universal confluence 

 of the dorsal and anal with the caudal. [In the Gadoids which have the vertical fins con- 

 fluent, there is always a separate first division of the dorsal.] 



KEY TO THE DEEP-SEA GENERA OF GADIDA. 



I. Three dorsals and two anal fins. 



A. Veutrals normal, with 5-7 rays GadHus 



1. Lower jaw shortest. 



«. Vomerine teeth present. Barbel well dereloped. 



Lateral line pale. Maxillary reaching past front line of eye. Mouth large. Hypocoracoid 



normal Gadus 



Lateral line black. Maxillary not reaching eye. Mouth .small. Hypocoracoid swollen. 



Melanogra»mmus 

 6. Vomerine teeth absent or exceedingly minute. No barbel Gadicul;u 



