354 DEEP-SEA FISHES OF THE ATLANTIC BASIN. 



Gadus morrhua, Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. x, 1758,252; ed. xn, 1766, 430 — Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. 



Mas. iv, 328. 

 Gadus callarias, Linn.eus, lor. cit. — Gunther, loe. cit. — Jordan, Bull, xvi, U. S, Nat. JIus., 804. 



A Gadus with large head, and maxillary which extends nearly to the middle of the 

 orbit; with strong teeth in narrow, cardiform bands, the outer row of the upper jaw and 

 the inner row of the lower jaw slightly enlarged. Snout more than twice as long as the 

 eye; obtuse. Height of the body less than the length of the head, which is two-sevenths 

 of the total (without caudal). Vent in vertical from anterior rays of second dorsal. The 

 two anal fins separated. Barbel as long as, or longer than, the eye, the diameter of which 

 is contained 7 times in the length of the head and twice or less in the interorbital space. 

 Color, greenish, brownish, or reddish olive, with numerous spots on the back and sides; 

 lateral line pale; fins dark. 



Radial formula: D. 14-21-19; A. 20-18. 



The species is subject to considerable modifications in form and color. 



The time-honored name Gadus morrhua is retained. We can not assent to the sub- 

 stitution of the name G. callarias, which was based upon young specimens, and which, 

 having been printed upon the same page, is in no real sense a prior name. 



The cod occurs in great numbers below the 100-fathom limit on both sides of the North 

 Atlantic, and has been reported by the New England fishermen on the off-shore banks at 

 a depth of 250 fathoms. The Albatross obtained it from station 20S2, in 41° 9' 50" N. lat., 

 66° 31' 50" W. Ion., at a depth of 49 fathoms. 



MELANOGRAMMUS, Gill. 



Melanogrammus, Hill. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sri. Phila., 1862, 280; 1863, 237. 



Gadoid fishes with 3 dorsal and 2 anal fins, the anterior dorsal elevated at an angle. 

 Head large, oblong, conic, and pointed; the snout at least twice as long as the eye, the 

 maxillary not reaching the eye. Month small. Barbel well developed. Ventrals normal. 

 Lateral line black. 



MELANOGRAJIMUS ^EGLEFINUS, (Linn.eus), Gill. 



Gadus teglefinus, Linn i us, Systema Nature, ed. x, 1758, 251. xn, 1766, 435, 435.— Gunther, Cut. Fish Brit. 



Mus., iv, 332. 

 Morrhua mglefinus, Fleming. British Animals, 191. 

 Melanogrammus mglefinus, Gill, toe. cit. 



A Gadoid with compressed conical head and a long and narrow, somewhat compressed, 

 snout. Mouth small, maxillary scarcely reaching to the line from the anterior margin of 

 orbit. Length of head equal to or greater than the height of body, and contained three 

 and four-fifths times in the total length Teeth large, nearly equal in size, in a cardiform 

 band in upper jaw, in a single series in lower jaw and on vomer. Eye very large, its di- 

 ameter one-fourth the length of the head. Vent in vertical form oriein of second dorsal fin. 

 First dorsal fin triangular, its anterior portion much elevated, its length three-fourths that 

 of the head. The two anal tins separated by an interspace. Color, gray above, whitish 

 below, lateral line black; a large dark blotch above the pectorals; vertical tins dark. 



A specimen of this species was obtained by the Albatro.ss, from station 2078, in 41° 11' 

 30" N. lat, 66">12' 20" YV. Ion., at a depth of 499 fathoms— or, at all eveuts, the specimen 

 examined by us bears that inscription. It is almost incredible however. Another (Cat. 

 No. 28743, U". S. N. M.) is said to have come from station 918 of the Fish Hawk, in 40° 20' 

 24" N. lat., 70° 41' 30" W. Ion., at a depth of 40 fathoms. 



GADICULUS, Guichenot. 

 Gadiculus, Guichenot, Explor. Alger. Poiss., 101. — Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iv, 1862, 371. 



Gadoids with body moderately elongate, covered with moderate scales. Cleft of 

 the mouth oblique, with the lower jaw rather longer than the upper. Jaws with a narrow 

 band of small teeth; vomerine teeth abseut or very minute; no palatine teeth. Eye large. 



