DISCISSION OF SPF.ciKS AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION. 479 



TRACHYPTERUS ARCTICUS, (BRUNNICH), NlLSSON. (Figure 392.) 



Gymnogaster arcHcua, BrI hnich, Nye Sammlung Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr., in, |>. 108, pi. B, Sgs. 1-::. 



Gymnetrus arctious, Jenyns, British Animals. 



Trackypterus arcticus, Nilsson, Skand. Fauna, Fisk., 162.— Duguid, Proc. Zool, Soc, 1851, 116, -G1 nthi r, 



Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iir, 305. — Coixbtt, Norges Fiske, 7S; Vid. Selsk. Forh., Christiania, 1879, 1, 59. — 



Day, Fishes Great Britain and Ireland, i, 216, pi. ran. 

 Bogmarus islandicus, Schneider, Bloch, Systema [chthyologias, 1801, 518, pi. ci. 

 Trachypterus bogmarus, Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x.,M6,etal. 

 Traychypterus vogmarus, Reinhardt, Vid. Selsk. skr., vn, D. 65, ei al. 



A Trachypterm having tin' dorsal rays smooth, and the heighl of the body contained 

 ."> times, or a little more, in its Length. 



An elaborate description taken from specimens studied at Norwich, Newcastle, and 

 .Montrose, will be found in Day's Fishes of Great Britain. This species occurs from Ice 

 land to the Orkneys and the, shores of the British isles. The largesl British example is 7f 

 feel long, bul Day is of the opinion that it grows to a much larger size. 



It would seem probable that studies similar to that made by Emery upon the Italian 

 forms will result in uniting with this species also T. Buppellii and T. Uopterus. 



TRACHYPTERUS RUPPELLII, Gunther. 



Trachypterm BiippeUii, Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., in, :;i>7. 



A Trackypterus having height of body contained about 8 times in its total length; 

 smooth dorsal rays and spinous lateral line. 



Radial formula: D. 6/135; A. none; 0.8; P. 10. 



Color, silvery, a very distinct black spot at the commencement of the second fifth of 

 the total length; another, sometimes present, farther hack on the body. 



This species was described by Gunther from a specimen 51 inches in length obtained 

 somewhere in the Mediterranean, and now preserved in the British Museum. 



TKACHYPTERFS LIOPTERUS, Cuvier and Valenciennes. 



.» Hog in nr us Aristotelis, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Mend., in. 1829, 297. 



Vrachypterm Uopterus, Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 312. — Moreau, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 

 France, n, 562. — Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., in, 307. 



A Traclii/ptcrns having the height of the body contained from !> to 1(1 times in its total 

 length. Smooth dorsal rays. Spiny lateral line. 



Radial formula: D. 6-7 + 169-171; C. 8-6; P. 12; A. none; V. i, 7. 



Color, silvery white, with a blackish spot in the first fifth of its length, and sometimes, 

 according to Valenciennes and Giinther, a second spot behind it. 



This species, according to Giinther, closely resembles T. trackypterus, but in the so Ih 



oess of the dorsal rays is more nearly related to T. arcticus. 



Specimens have been obtained at Nice, Naples, Toulon, Genoa, and .Messina. In the 

 opinion of Giglioli it is very distinct from the other Mediterranean forms. 



TRACHYPTERUS CRISTATUS, Bonelli. 



Trachypterus cristatus, Bonelli, Mem. Accad. Sei. Turin, xxiv, 1819, 187, pi. ix. — Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. 



Mus.. hi, 301.— Moreau, Hist. Nat. Poiss. France, u, 567. 

 Trachypterm Bonellii, Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. l'oiss., x, 331. 



A Tritclii/jitmis characterized by having the lower profile of the trunk much more 

 prominent than that of the tail, which is narrow and slender, and by an unusualh small 

 number of rays in the dorsal fin. It has a spiny lateral line. 



Color, silvery, with the fins red, and usually two blackish spots on the dorsal crest and 

 five others upon the posterior half of the dorsal. 



The type specimen in the museum at Genoa has, according to Giinther, much the ap- 

 pearance of a deformed fish. Giinther calls attention to the fact that Risso described a 



