DISCUSSION OP SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIB1 TION. 489 



2. Mi hi ill i deft nearly horizontal; skin Mm ii ill i : one cephalic, and one postcephalic spin.' . Oneirodes 



::. Mouth-clefl obliqne; two cephalic and no postcephalic spines Paroneirodes 



B. Branchial in | 2 ' pairs; bodj with scattered tubercular scutellse ; uo second dorsal spine. 



Bimaniolophinw 



1. Iti hIv and head compressed, month with cleft oblique; mandibular articulation under or behind eyes 



a. Eyes rudimentary . 



i. Bod] oblong-oval; dorsal rays about 9, pectoral about 12 Him an n ilopht a 



ii. Body short-oval ; dorsal fin with 4 rays, nm I pectoral with about 17..Corynolophus. 



2. Body and head depressed, illi with cleft vertical or inclined forward; mandibular articulation 



under or in :uli ance of snout. 



a. Byes email I ■■ eonii hthys 



II. Mouth immense. 



A. Miuilh wiih cleft subvertical. Pectoral Binall, premedian, in advance of dorsal and of j^ill opening. 

 No second dorsalspine developed. 



1. Branchial in - ' pairs ■ Uelanoa Una 



a. i Hilar tentacle not de> eloped. 



i. Vomerine teeth present Melanoi i n 9 



ii. Vomerine teeth absent Lioi i 1 1 



ft. Gnlar tentaele present. 



i. \ single vomerine tooth Linophryni 



15. Mouth with cleft nearly horizontal. Pectorals broad, postmedian, under dorsal, and behind gill 



opening. Branchiae in j 2 | pairs Caulophrynina 



1. Dorsal and anal greatly produced. 



a. Skin naked; numerous luminous 61aments on bead and bod] Caulophryne 



CERATIAS, Kroyer. 



Ceratias, KrOyer, Naturhist. Tidsskrifft., i. 1844, 639 [type, ' . llolbi>lli~\. — Gill, Proc. I'. S. Nat. Mus„ i, 

 1878. 217 (limited 



( Jeratiids with head and body much compressed and elevated, oblong, with prickly skin 

 Mouth moderate, with its cleft nearly vertical; teeth in jaws of moderate size, conical, mov 

 able; no teeth <>n vomer or palatines. Branchiae 2| pairs; arches unarmed. Spinous dorsal 

 reduced to two spines, the cephalic one elongate, with simple capitate extremity, the dorsal 

 one with its basal element exserted ; soft dorsal and anal short ; pectorals very short, broad, 

 multiradiate with about 20 rays). Pyloric coeca 2, small. Skeleton soft, fibrous. 



CERATIAS HOLBOLLI, Kuoyi.ii. (Figure 399.) 



Ceratiai Hitlbolli, Kroyer, loe. <it. — Gaimard, Voy. Skand., Poissons, PI. ix. 



This grotesque and remarkable fish is only known through three specimens, from 18 to 

 28 inches hm";, taken oil' Greenland, and another off Nova Scotia. 



Giinther, in the Study of Fishes (p. 472), erroneously stated thai it had been l'< 1 at 



the depth of 2,400 fathoms in mid- Atlantic, and corrected his identifications in the Chal- 

 lenger Report (XXII, p. 53); the form to which he referred was Ceratias or Mancalias uranos- 

 copus. The brief diagnosis in Jordan's Synopsis is incorrect, and since the original Latin 

 description of Kroyer is not easily accessible, we quote it in full below. Ceratias Holbolli 

 may confidently be expected to be found in the abyssal waters south of (ireenland. and 

 probably occurs in the Great Atlantic Plateau. 1 



[CROFTER'S I -r.se RIPTTON hi CERATIAS Ilol.Itnl.I.I. 



Totus ater. Altitudo piscis quartan) longitudinis partem ferine aequans. Caput altius 

 quam longum, | longitudinis piscis aequans. Oculi minimi, vicesimam longitudinis capitis 

 partem inm superantes. Radius capitis liber longitudine piscis ad basin pinnae caudalis 



'The form described by Giinther under tin- name Ceratias bispinosus, from off Banda [Blands, in tin 

 Molucca Archipelago, at a depth of 360 fathoms, resembles in general Melanocelus Johnsonii, though Bti ■ 

 turally closer to C. Holbollii. It is much shorter and chunkier, and lias two dorsal spines, the posterior of 

 which is rudimentary. Giinther lias used in connection with ii i in lii- kej to the species) tin- term Diceratias, 

 mi ilmilit more with the pnrpose of preventing others from making liis species the basis of a new genbu or 

 subgenus than <ii himself advocatingso limited a generic group. (Giinther, Challenger Report, xxii 

 PI si, Fig. B.) 



