Fungi, Bacteria und Pathologie. 195 



not be determined. In the Black Hills Forest Reserve is an immense 

 amount of sfanding timber which has been killed by wood-boring beetles. 

 This timber has been attacked by the blue fungus. The fungus starts at 

 the base of the tree and spreads upward until the entire sapwood is 

 blue. The blue color will extend throughout the sapwood in about a 

 year's time. The fungus attacks only green timber, viz, timber which is 

 äead but which has not yet seasoned. The fungus can pierce cell walls 

 but it attacks the cell Contents especially and not the cell walls. The 

 blued wood is stronger than unaffected green wood as has been shown 

 by mechanical tests. The blue disease cannot be called a rot as it leaves 

 the wood nearly intact. 



The red rot is a disease which is especially prevalent in the same 

 trees of the Black Hills Forest as are affected by the blue fungus. It is 

 caused by the fungus Polyporus ponderosiis n. sp. The red rot usually 

 Start in trees that have been dead for two or more years. It starts at 

 the tops of the trees. This fungus attacks the cell walls and causes a 

 very destructive rot of the wood. The fungus is found on the north or 

 east sides of the trees. This is because the bark on those sides remains 

 longer on the trees and thus keeps that portion of the tree trunks from 

 drying out. The sporophore is perennial and appears after the wood of 

 the tree is prttt)^ completely decayed. The paper is accompanied by 

 fourteen plates, four of which are colored. Perley Spaulding. 



Sheldon, John L, Cultures of Empusa. (Journal of Applied 

 Microscopy and Laboratory Methods. VI. Mar. 1903. p. 2212 

 —2220. 2 pl. 40 fig.) 



Successful cultures of Empusa grylli Fresenius were made upon a 

 bouillon agar medium using the hyphal bodies and conidia of the fungus 

 taken both from the bodies of grasshoppers and caterpillars. True resting 

 spores were found only in the bodies of grasshoppers. Such spores 

 failed to germinate. Irregulär thick walled cells were found in the bodies 

 of caterpillars diseased by the fungus. The results of the work will be 

 supplemented by attempts to grow Empusa in sufficient amount for field 

 inoculations of living grasshoppers and caterpillars. The author fears, 

 however, that such attempts, should the fungus be made to grow sapro- 

 phytically upon the media commonly used, may prove of as littie value 

 as Sporotrichum and the South African locust fungus, the latter being 

 a Mucor. G. G. Hedgcock. 



Smith, Erwin F., The effect of Black rot onturnips. 



(Bulletin Bureau of Plant Industry. 1903. No. 29. p. 1—20.) 



The paper is published with the design of proving by means of 

 photomicrographs that the organism Pseudomonas campestris is able to 

 destroy cell walls. As is indicated on the title page, the bulletin is a 

 series of photo-micrographs with explanatory text. It consists of thirteen 

 plates showing various stages in the disease. The plates are excellent 

 and apparently leave but littie chance for Imagination to affect the final 

 conclusions. Dr. Smith gives a careful account of his methods and the 

 results of his experiments. Perley Spaulding. 



Wasielewski, V. und W. Hoffmann, Ueber eine seuchen- 



hafte Erkrankung von Singvögeln. (Archiv für 



Hygiene. Band XLVH. 1903. Heft 1. p. 44—56.) 



Als Ursache wurde aus dem Blute von erkrankten Canarienvögeln 

 ein unbewegliches Stäbchen, dessen Wachsthum zwischen 8 und 48" lag, 

 isolirt; empfänglich zeigten sich Sperlinge, Finken, Tauben, aber auch 

 Mäuse und Meerschweinchen, dagegen nicht Ratten, am empfindlichsten 

 waren Canarienvögel. Bei längerer Fortimpfung der Culturen auf Agar 



13* 



