528 Agricultur. — Horticultur. — Forstbotanik. 



einer genügenden Zahl von Jahren geprüft worden waren, zeigten 

 sie in Beziehung auf Winterfestigkeit günstiges Verhahen, so 

 dass der Verf. selbst die Bastardirung zur Erzielung winter- 

 fester Formen empfiehlt. Fruwirth. 



Hardy, M., Bot. Geogr. and Biolog. Utilisation ofSoil.. 

 (Trans. Roy. Scott. Arboricuh. Sog. Vol. XVII. 1903. Part. L 

 p. 110— IIb.) 



The regions bordering on the Mediterranean have been 

 ravaged as a result of Clearings, Ignorant treatment of forests,. 

 and excessive pasturing of sheep and goats. The same with 

 the Alps and Pyrenees: deforestation here caused devasta- 

 ting floods, the water being no longer absorbed and regulated 

 by forest Vegetation. Rivers, e. g. the Volga, get silted up 

 by the waste from the mountains; this is the result of the 

 drainage of marshes and the deforestation of the low hills which 

 give birth to the rivers. InScotland peat-bogs, deer-forests, 

 etc. Cover the country; the forest-industries are extinct; hence 

 the country grows poorer. 



The world-production of timber is insufficient, as seen from 

 the fact that the Imports exceed the exports in many European 

 countries. The supply from exporting countries like Norway 

 and Russia is decreasing. Sweden and Canada are the 

 only safe reserves. China, Egypt, South Africa and 

 Argentine Republic are all timber-importing countries. 

 We are advancing towards a timber-famine. The wide unutili- 

 sed lands ought to be reforested. The state should encourage 

 this by means of exemption from taxes and free gifts of seed 

 and seedlings. The author then institutes a comparison be- 

 tween Scotland and Scan dina via with the result that he 

 sees no reason why the former should not be as well-wooded 

 as the latter. The climate and geological conditions are very 

 similar. He then gives a history of the way successive govern- 

 ments have hewn down the forests in Scotland, where formerly 

 there prevailed a much denser population. 



W. C. Worsdell (Kew). 



Personalnachrichten. 



Ein grosser Theil der Jordan'schen Bibliothek wurde 

 vom New-Yorker botanischen Garten während des in 

 Paris stattgefundenen Verkaufs erstanden. 



Ausgegeben: 24. November 1903. 



Commissions -Verlag: E. J. Brill in Leiden (Holland). 

 Druck von Gebrüder Gotthelft, Kgl. Hofbuchdrucker in Cassel. 



