6 Physiologie. 



ancl in that respect abnormal conditions there is still a more 

 rapid transpiration irom sun leaves to the extent of one to one 

 and a half times as much as in shade leaves, a condition which 

 appears to be as manifest in sunshine as under shade. Shade 

 leaves exposed to the sun for several hoiirs may become almost 

 unable to transpire without showing any signs of wilting. In 

 respect to the relatively large amount of water transpired by 

 the somewhat xerophytic plants experimented with, the author 

 states that xerophytic leaf structure is not necessarily a means 

 of inhibiting abundant transpiration, but sometimes may exist 

 only for use in emergencies. H. M. Richards (New York). 



Brown, C. A. Jr., The formation of Toxic Products by 

 Vegetable Enzymes. (Science, Vol. XX. p. 179—181. 

 Aug. 5. 1904.) 



Is of the opinion that the oxidizing enzymes are of value 

 to the plant in promoting the formation of toxic products 

 which might act as antiseptics in preventing infection with 

 micro-organisms. H. M. Richards (New York). 



Dean, A. L., On Inulin. lAm. Chem. Journ. Vol. XXXII. 

 p. 69—84. July 1904.) 



Has investigated inulin extracted from Dalilia variabilis, 

 Hellanthiis tiiberosus, Lappa minor, Inula Helenium, and a 

 Solidago, and concludes that it is the same in all these plants. 

 Finds levulins associated with the inulin and states that it is 

 difficult to draw a line of division between these substances. 

 Expresses some doubt as to the results ofTanret on levulins. 

 Concludes that inulin, as the term is used, is not a single well 

 defined Compound, but is rather a mixture of a variety of mole- 

 cular complexes. H. M. Richards (New York). 



Deetgen, H., Die Einwirkung einiger Ionen auf die 

 Zellsubstanz. (Klin. Wochenschr., jg. XLI, p.4l8. Berlin 

 1904.) 



Calciumsalze, besonders Calciumchlorid, wirken in schwacher 

 Lösung auf den Zellkern, indem sie denselben stärker äicht- 

 brechend und für Wasser weniger angreifbar machen, ähnlich 

 den fixirenden Agentien, wie absoluter Alkohol und dergl. Das 

 gleiche Verhalten zeigen Baryum-, Strontium— und Magnesium- 

 Chlorid, sowie die neutralen Salze mit anderen Säuren, z. B. 

 Mg SOi. Der Erfolg tritt noch bei sehr starker Verdünnung 

 ein, bis zu 0,0005 Mol. Ca Cb in 1 1; stärkere Konzentrationen, 

 etwa 2prozentige Chlorcalciumlösung, wirken umgekehrt auf- 

 lösend auf den Kern. Salze der Alkali- und der Schwermetaile 

 rufen obige Erscheinung nicht hervor, wenigstens nicht in ent- 

 sprechender Verdünnung. 



Auffallend ist die rasche Auflösung des Nucleus durch 



