78 



Ende udgaa Gastralfilamenterne, som ere spikélfri, og dets 

 øverste Ende gaar over i den aflange Mundspalte .med 

 tykke Læber. Svælgets indre Plade er beklædt med et 

 cilierende Epithel, og paa Bugfladen indtages omtrent to 

 Trediedele af dens Længde af en oval Fordybning (Svælg- 

 renden), som er beklædt med lange Pidskeceller, Fig. 65, e, 

 fuldkommen lig dem. sum jeg tidligere har omtalt i Be- 

 skrivelsen af Væringia mirabilis. Udenfor Svælgrenden 

 sees den største Del af Svælget at være beklædt med 

 Cylinderepithel, forsynet med Cilier, og imellem Cylinder- 

 cellerne findes en Mængde kolbeformige, encellede Slim- 

 kjertler. der savnes i Svælggruben ; ovenfor denne antager 

 Epitbelet Ectodermets Karakter, saaledes som jeg tidligere 

 har paavist. Just paa det Sted af Svælgets indre Flade, 

 hvor jeg hos Væringia mirabilis fremstillede en Del af 

 Nervesystemet, tindes lignende store, unipolære Ganglie- 

 celler med deres store Kjerne og rige Protoplasmaindhold, 

 men andre Nerveceller eller Nervefibre har jeg ikke seet 

 hos Slæeten Fulla. 



Jeg nævnte tidligere, at Basaldeles er svampet; 



dette grunder sig paa, at Ooenenchymet her er meget ud- 

 viklet. og i dette Coenenchym tindes Spilder, der ligge 

 meget spredte, have en gul Farve og menne sig nogel 



Dobbeltstjernen i Form: de ere fra 0.080- 0.088 lange 



og fra 0.040—0.052""" brede i Enderne, paa [Midten ere 

 de fra 0.012—0.016""" brede. Fig. 1—3. 



Basaldelens Hud er rig paa Spilder, som Ugge i flere 

 Lag og ere omgivne af Ectodermet ; ogsaa her viser det 

 sig. at hvor de ere leirede i Bindevævet, beklæder Ectoderm- 

 celler de Hulrum. Spiklerne indtåge; men altid ere Cellerne 

 aflange, saaledes som de ofte findes i Ectodermets indre 

 Lag. Spiklerne optræde næsten udelukkende under Form 

 af Dobbeltstjernen; de ere dog noget forskjellige, imedens 

 Grundformen er den samme. I Almindelighed have de 

 et nogent Midtparti, kun sjeldent er dette besat med 

 Takker, Fig. 4. 5; fra Enderne udgaa paa de fuldt ud- 

 viklede Spilder brede Straaler, der ende i 4 — 5 Takker. 

 som danne en Stjerne, Fig. 6 — 9. Paa de mindre udviklede 

 ere Straalerne smalere og enklere, ligesom det nogne Midt- 

 parti er meget længere, Fig. 10. Disse samtlige Dobbelt- 

 stjerner variere noget i Størrelse; de ere fra 0.052 — 0140""" 

 lange, fra 0.032—0.116'""' brede i Enderne og fra 0.024— 

 0.048""" brede paa Midten. Kun hist og her. men sjeldent, 

 findes imellem Dobbeltstjernerne Firlinger, hvoraf enkelte 

 nærme sig Korsformen og ere ornamenterede, 0.108'"'" 

 lange med en Tverstok 0.088""" Fig. 11; andre nærme sig 

 Dobbeltstjernen. ere 0.120""" lange. 0.120""" brede i Enderne 

 og 0.080""" brede paa Midten, Fig. 12. 



dorsal sides, is devoid of spicules (fig. 66). From the 

 lowest extremity of the gullet, the gastral filaments proceed, 

 and these are devoid of spicules; the uppermost extremity 

 is produced into the oblong oral fissure with thiek labiæ. 

 The inner surface of the gullet is clad with a ciliate epi- 

 thelium, and about two-third parts of its ventral surface 

 is occupied by an oval cavity (the gullet-groovei which 

 is clad with long flagelliform cells (fig. 65, e) exactlv like 

 those which I have previously spoken of in the descrip- 

 tion of Væringia mirabilis. Outside of the gullet-groove, 

 the greater part of the gullet is seen to be clad with 

 cylinder-epithelium furnished with ciliæ. and. between the 

 cylinder-cells. a multitude of clavate. unicellular. mucous 

 glands are found, and these are awanting in the gullet 

 cavity. Beyond it. the epithelium assumes the ectodermic 

 character, as 1 have, already, shown. Just at the point 

 of the inner surface of the gullet, where. in Væringia 

 mirabilis, I presented a part of the nerve system, similar 

 large unipolar ganglial cells, with their large nuclei and 

 abundant protoplasmic contents are found, but I have 

 detected no other nerve- cells, nor nerve-fibres in the genus 

 Fulla. 



I stated, previously, that the basal part is spongy ; 

 tliat is owing to the fact that the sarcosoma is, here, mach 

 developed, and in tliis sarcosoma spicules are seen. which 

 are placed much dispersed, have a yellow colonr, and 

 approach somewhat to a bistellate in form. They measure 

 from 0.080—0.088""" in Length, and from 0.040—0.052""" 

 in breadth at the extremities ; whilst in the middle they 

 measure from 0.012 — 0.016°"" in breadth (figs. 1 — 3). 



The dermal covering of the basal part is rich in 

 spicules, which are placed in numerous lavers and are 

 surrounded by the ectoderm. Heie. also, it is observed, 

 that where they are found entrenched in the connective 

 tissne. the ectoderm-cells clothe the cavities which the spicules 

 occupy. but the cells are. invariably, oblong, like what 

 is frequently found in the inner laver of ectoderm. The 

 spicules. appear, almost exclusively, in the bistellate form, 

 but they are somewhat variable, although the rudimentary 

 form is the same in them all. Usually, they have a bare 

 mesial part, it being only occasionally beset with spikes 

 (figs. 4. 5); from the extremities of the fully developed 

 spicules, broad ravs proceed. which terminate in 4 — 5 spikes 

 that form a star (figs. 6 — 9). On the less developed spi- 

 cules the ravs are narrower and plainer, whilst, also. the 

 mesial part is much longer (fig. 10). The whole of these 

 bistellates vary somewhat in size. and measure from t U '52 

 —0.14i>""" in length, and from 0.032—0.116'"'" in breadth 

 at the extremities. and from 0.024 — 0.048""" in breadth at 

 the middle. Here and there. only, but seldom, quad- 

 ruplets are seen between the bistellates ; of these a tew 

 approach the cruci-form. and are embellished; they measure 

 0.108""" in length, with a transverse arm 0.088""" long 

 (fig. 11) others. approach the bistellate in form. and mea- 

 sure 0.120'""' in length, and 0.120""" in breadth at the 

 extremities, and 0.080""" in breadth at the middle (fig. 12). 



