92 



Endelig er Ligheden størst med den i Zoanthidernes 

 Gruppe indlemmede Familie. Sphenopidæ, Hertwig, hvis 

 Slægt Sphenopus, Steenstrup, er en ganske mærkelig, solitær 

 Zoanthide. Det er forst ved Hertwigs Undersøgelser, at 

 man er kommen til Vished om dens systematiske Stilling; 

 men det er ogsaa kan i det Ydre, at der tindes nogen 

 Liglied ; thi den indre Bygning er jo helt forskjellig. 

 Hertwig karakteriserer Zoanthiderne saaledes : Actiniaria 

 with numerous septa of two different kinds, smaller, imper- 

 fect, sterile micro-seiita, and larger perfect macro-septa 

 furnished with reproductive organs and mesenteric tila- 

 ments; the two kinds usually placed altemately, so that 

 each pair is composed of a larger and a smaller septum ; 

 two pairs of directive septa at the ends of the saggital 

 axis. one pair containing only macro-septa, the other only 

 micro-septa; only one æsophageal groove, corresponding to 

 the larger directive septa.; animals usually forming colonies; 

 wall usually traversed by ectodermal canals, and having 

 the outside encrusted with foreign bodies. Sammenlignes 

 nu denne Karakteristik med den, jeg har leveret af And- 

 vakia. springer den store Forskjel strax i Øinene. og det 

 paa en saadan Maade, at der ikke lean blive Tale om at 

 indlemme den i Gruppen Zoanthidæ, Hertwig. 



Findested. 



Husoen, Sognefjord. 100 — 150 Favne. Sandbund. 

 Mange Exemplarer. 



Slægtskarakter. 



Andvakiadæ med ii Par fuldstændige, golde Septa; 6 

 Par ufuldstændige, næsten rudimentære Septa, bærende 

 Acontier og Generationsorganer ; stærkt udviklede, endo- 

 dermale Cirkulærmuskler. Cinclides. 



Artskarakter. 



Legemet Hg et Overflødighedshorn, i><) — 70""" langt, 

 15'""' bredt i den overste Ende, 4 — 5 i den nederste. Capi- 

 tulum nogent, cylindrisk, retraktilt. 8""" langt. 1'2""" bredt, 

 halvt gjennemsigtigt, forsynet med Længdestriber, imellem 

 hvilke hist og her Cinclides. Mundskiven rund. 12 — 14""" 

 bred, i Midten en atlang Mund med 2 Mundvige og 6 

 lancetformede Læbefolder paa hver Side af disse. I hver 

 Mundvig en liden Gonidieknude. To Rækker korte, alter- 

 nerende, retraktile Tentakler. 12 i hver Række. Scapus 

 krumbøiet, omkring 50""" lang. 10 — 12""" bred foroven, 

 5 — 6""" forneden, stærkt inkrusteret, ikke retraktil, men 

 vel kontraktil; naar Capitulum er indtrukket, lukker Scapus 

 sip; foroven. Physa udvider sig halvkugleformigt, er omtrent 

 15""" bred og overalt inkrusteret. meget irritabel og for- 

 andrer let Form. Farven: Den inkrusterede Del brun- 

 sort med isprængte, dels hvide. dels gronne og rødlige 



Finally, resemblance is greatest with the family 

 Sphenopidæ, Hertwig. included in the Zoanthidæ group, 

 whose genus Sphenopus, Steenstrup. is a quite peculiar. 

 isolated Zoanthid. It is only in consequence of Hert- 

 wig's investigations we have attained certaintv as to its 

 systematic positiou; but it is only in the externals that 

 a resemblance is found, as the inner structure is in- 

 deed quite different. Hertwig eharacterises the Zoan- 

 thidæ thus : ..Actiniaria with numerous septa of two dif- 

 ferent kinds. smaller, imperfect, sterile micro-septa, and 

 larger perfect macro-septa furnished with reproductive 

 organs and mesenteric filaments; the two kinds usually 

 placed alternat elv. so that each pair is composed of a 

 larger and a smaller septum; two pairs of directive septa 

 at the ends of the saggital axis, one pair containing only 

 macro-septa, the other only micro-septa; only one <esn|>- 

 hageal groove corresponding to the larger directive septa : 

 animals usually forming colonies; wall usually traversed 

 by ectodermal canals and having the outside encrusted 

 with foreign bodies." If that characteristic description is 

 compared with the one 1 have given of Andvakia. the gi eat 

 difference is immediately apparent, and. in such a manner. 

 that theie eau he lm thought of including Andvakia in the 

 group Zoanthidæ, Hertwig. 



Habitat. 



Husoen. Sognefjord. Depth 100 — 150 fathoms. Sandy 

 bottom. Numerous specimens. 



Generic charaeteristics. 



Andvakiadæ with o' pairs ut' perfect, sterile septa; 

 (i pairs of imperfect almost rudimentary septa, carrying 

 acontia aud reproductive organs; strongly developed, endo- 

 dermal circular muscles. Cinclides. 



Speeifie charaeteristics. 



The body resembles a cornucopia. tin — 70""" in length, 

 15""" in breadth at the uppermost end. aud 4 — 5'"'" at the 

 lowest end. The capitulum bare, cylindric, retractile. 8""" 

 long. 12""" broad, semi-transparent, furnished with longi- 

 tudinal stripes: between which cinclides here and there 

 visible. The oral disc round. 12 — 14'"'" broad; in its 

 middle an oblong mouth with 2 oral angles, and lance- 

 olate labial folds on each side of these. In each oral 

 angle a small gonidial nodule. Two series of short, alter- 

 nating, retractile tentacles. 12 in each series. Scapus bent, 



about 50 in Length, Ut— 12""" broad at the top. 5—6""" 



broad at the foot, strongly encrusted. non-retraetile, but, 

 presumably, contractile. When the capitulum is retracted 

 the scapus eloses itself at the top. The physa expands 

 itself hemisphericallv. is about 15""" in breadth, and is 

 encrusted all over. verv sensitive, and readily chan^es form. 



