BRYOZOA 29 



The « anterior » muscles of Jullien are not readily seen, and where found hâve con- 

 sisted of only two or three fibres and not a bundle as figured by Jullien. Thèse are referred 

 to by Harmer ('), as indicating the occurrence of two sets of occlusors. 



There is a cross bar to the avicularium, which does quite meet across ; further the 

 base of the mandible curves upwards, so that there is a vacant space, which may be an opening, 

 in certain positions, to the avicularium. The two columellae hâve been previously referred 

 to, and are only known in B. magellancia B., B. bilaminata Mincks, and B. erecta nov. 



Jullien ( 2 ) enters into a comparatively long discussion of the object of the avicularia, 

 but it is possible, that through placing it in his explanation of plate 12, instead of in the 

 text of the work, it has sometimes been overlooked. He considers them only monstrosities (•''), 

 and their object as entirely unknown. Although not accepting the orthodox explanation, 

 neither do I agrée with Jullien, and hâve already explained my view, that seeing the polypide 

 dies down from time to time, and a colony may be left with few or no active polypides it 

 remains in vigor, through the avicularian organs retaining vitality, and thus keeping the 

 protoplasmic parenchym in indirect communication with the external surroundings. The 

 avicularia hâve protoplasmic threads passing to the « peculiar body », and the vitality of the 

 colonv will, both in times of full and dimished vigor, be increased by the avicularia ; for 

 the constant snapping of the mandibles often continues, when the polypides are not extending 

 themselves out of the zoœcia, and as before said, even when there are few or no polypides. 

 Sections often show the avicularia in unchanged condition, when the zoœcia only contain 

 histolysed remains of polypides. 



The ciliated organ (« peculiar body ») is in Beania magellanica connected with the muscle, 

 being evidently withdrawn at the same time as the mandible is closed. 



There are large oval bodies which hâve been called « eggs » or « egg masses » but it 

 must be through a mistake that I attributed the name to Julliex. They commence at each 

 side near the distal end and start near the latéral wall, and as the)* grow they hâve near the 

 surface a large number of vacuolated cells while the interior consists of slightly granulated 

 matter. Thèse are attached by protoplasmic threads and would seem to be the équivalent 

 of the suboral glands. 



Habitat. — Adriatic ; Naples; Marseilles ; Rapallo ; Riou and Podesta; St. of Bonifacio ; 

 Cette ; Corsica (ail Mediterranean) ; Cape Verde Island ; Japan, 100 fathoms ; Mauritius ; 

 Portland (Victoria) ; Port Jackson (N. S. Wales) ; New Zealand ; Bancs des Aiguilles (South 

 Africa) (Jullien det.) j5 met. ; Kerguelen; Tristan d'Acunha, 8-12 fathoms ; Tierra del Fuego ; 

 Falkland Island. 



Exp. Antarct. Belge. 



N° 1068. Sur la carapace d'Eurypodius Latreilli. Straits of Magellan. 



(1) The Morphology of the Cheilastomata. {Quart. Jouru. Micr. Se, vol. 46, n. s., p. 3ao.) 



(2) Julliex, Mission scientifique du Cap Horn, p. go. 



(3) Yves Delage in his « Vermidiens :> in the « Traite de Zoologie concrète », p. 97, follows Jullien in con- 

 sidering the avicularia as monstrosities. 



