Allgemeines. 627 



palaeobotany a figure), or vvith a reference to a previously 

 published description. 



Examples. — Coursetia arborea Griseb. Fl. Brlt. W. Ind. 183 

 (1859), is published with a description; Cynanchum nivale Nym. 

 Syll. Fl. Eur. 108 (1855), is published with a reference to the pre- 

 viously described Vincetoxicum nivale Boiss. and Heldr. ; Ptero- 

 spermites Whitei Ward, Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. 6:556. pl. 56, 

 i. 5, 6 (1885), a fossil species, is published with a figure, but 

 without a description. 



a) Names published ior primary subdivisions of species 

 are treated as subspecific names, however designated by 

 their authors. 



Examples. — Juglans alba minima Marsh. Arb. Am. 68 

 (1785); Scirpus maritimus ß fluviatilis Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 

 324 (1836); Zizia aurea var. Bebbii Coult. and Rose, Bot. Gaz. 

 12: 138 (1887); these are primary divisions of species, which are 

 recognizable as subspecies. 



b) In the transfer of a species from one genus to another 

 the original specific name is retained, unless the resul- 

 ting binomial has been previously published. 



Examples. — Bromus giganteus L. Sp. PI. 77, is Festuca 

 gigantea (L.) Vill. Hist. PI. Dauph. 2: 110 (1787); Arum tri- 

 phyllum L. Sp. PI. 965, is to be known as Arisaema triphyllum 

 (L.) Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2: 239 (1843), not as Arisaema atrorubens 

 Blume, Rumphia, 1 : 97 (1835); Lauras Sassafras L. Sp. PI. 371, is 

 to be known as Sassafras Sassafras (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 

 505 (1S81). notas Sassafras officinale Neesand Eberm. Handb. Med. 

 pharm. Bot. 2: 418 (1831); however, Schoenus pusillus Sw. Nov. 

 Gen. et Sp. PI. 20 (1788) when transferred to Rynchospora, is 

 not to be known as Rynchospora pusilla Griseb. Kar. 123 (1857), 

 because prior to 1857 the same binomial had been used for an 

 other species, Rynchospora pusilla Chapm. (1849), but 

 Schoenus pusillus Sw. becomes Rynchospora Berterii (Spreng.) 

 Clarke in Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 119 (1900). 



c) A subspecies elevated to specific rank retains the same 

 name, unless the resulting binomial has been previously 

 published. 



Examples. — Sparganium simplex androcladum Engelm. 

 in A. Gray, Man. ed 5, 481 (1867), if regarded as a distinct 

 species, becomes Sparganium anclrocladum (Engelm.) Morong, 

 Bull. Torrey Club, 15: 78 (1888); however, Juncus acuminatus 

 robustus Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sei. St. Louis, 2: 463 (1868), does 

 not become Juncus robustus (Engelm.) Coville in Britt. and 

 Brown, 111. Fl. 1: 395 (1896), because prior to 1896 the binomial 

 had been used for another species, Juncus robustus S. Wats. 

 Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 302 (1S79). 



Canon 10. A generic or subgeneric name is published when 



it has been printed and distributed 1. with a generic or 



specific description (or in palaeobotany a figure) and a 



binomial specific name, 2. with a generic and specific name 



and the citation of a previously published description, or 



3. with a reference to a specific description, which is asso- 



ciable by citation with a previously published binomial 



species. 



Examples. — Pachysandra Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 177 (1803), 

 is published with a generic and specific description and a binomial 

 specific name; Brasenia Schreb. ex Gmel. Syst. 2: 853 (1791), is 



40* 



