528 Allgemeines. 



published with a generic description and a binomial specific name ; 

 Silphium L. Sp. PI. 919 (1753), is published with a specific de- 

 scription and a binomial specific name; Poacites Schloth. Petre- 

 fact. 416. lp. 26, f. 1, 2 (1820), a fossil genus, is published with 

 figures and a binomial specific name, but without a description; 

 Nyssa L. Sp. PI. 1058 (1753), is published with a generic and spe- 

 cific name and the citation of previously published descriptions; 

 Dryopteris Adans. Farn. PI. 2: 20 (1763), is published with a re- 

 ference to a specific description associable by citation with the 

 previously published Polypodium Filix-mas L. Sp. PI. 1082 (1753), 

 inasmuch as both Adanson and Linnaeus che Filix-mas of Fuchs. 

 Canon 11. Names of subtribes, Orders, and intervening groups 

 are published when they have been printed and distributed 

 with direct or indirect citations of component genera. 



Examples. — Moraceae Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 266 (1847). is pu- 

 blished with the citation of component genera; Ophioglossales 

 Engler, Syll. ed 2: 63 (1898), is published with the citation of 

 component genera. 

 Canon 12. A name is not published by its citation in syno- 

 nymy, or by incidental mention. 



Examples. — Echeveria spicata, cited by De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 

 349 (1828), as a synonym of Fouquiera formosa, is not published, 

 and does not invalidate Echeveria DC. published on p. 401 of the 

 same volume ; Acrostichum Plumieri „Desv. herb.", cited as a 

 synonym of A. viscosum in Fee, Mem. Farn. Foug. 2: 46, is not 

 published, and does not invalidate Acrostichum Plumieri Fee, 

 published as a species on p. 50 of the same work ; Hormisus 

 opuntioides Targ., cited by Bertoloni, Amoen. Ital. 316(1819), as 

 a synonym of Fucus Sertolara Bertol. (= Halimeda Tuna), is not 

 thereby published. 

 Canon 13. Ol names published in the same work and at the 

 same time, those having precedence of position are to 

 be regarded as having priority. 



Examples. — Alsine L. Sp. PI. 272. is to be regarded as 

 having priority over Stellaria L. Sp. PI. 421; Aira spicata L. Sp. 

 PI. 63, is to be regarded as having priority over Aira spicata L. 

 Sp. PI. 64 ; Hibiscus Moscheutos L. Sp. PI. 693, is to be regarded 

 as having priority over H. palustris, which it precedes on the 

 same page. 



Section IV. Application of Names. 



Canon 14. The nomenciatorial type of a species or subspecies 

 is the specimen to which the describer originally applied 

 the name in publication. 



Examples. — Polypodium marginale L. Sp. PI. 1091, is typi- 

 fied by the designation of a specimen collected in Canada by 

 Kalm; Stachys arenicola Britton, Man. 792 (1901), is typified by 

 the designation of a specimen from Staten Island, New York; 

 Carex intumescens Fernaldii Bailey, Bull. Torrey Club, 20: 418 

 (1893), is typified by a specimen collected at Cedar Swatnp. 

 Aroostook County, Maine, by M. L. Fernald. 



a) When more than one specimen was originally cited, 



the type or group of specimens in which the type is 



included may be indicated by the derivation of the 



name from that of the collector, locality or host. 



Examples. — Eriogonum Porteri Small., Bull. Torrey Club, 

 25: 41 (1898), is based on several specimens, of which the one 

 collected by T. C. Porter is the type; Lupinus arcticus S. 



