Fungi, Bacteria und Pathologie 381 



Freeman, E. M., Svmbiosis in the Genus Lolliun. (Minne- 

 sota Botanical "Studies. Ser. 3. III. p. 329—334. Oct. 

 1904.) 



The paper gives the resulls of an additional study of the fungus^ 

 hyphae found in Loliiiin teinulcntum, as to the relation of the parasite 

 to the Iiost. Similar fungus hyphae are found in L. pcrenne, and L. ita- 

 liciini, but the latter have not been studied. In commercial mixtures of 

 L. teinulentiiin grains, from 85 to 98 per cent. contain fungus hyphae in 

 the hyaline layer just exterior to the aleurone cells. Oceasionally these 

 hyphae penetrate into fhe endosperm but they never enter the aleurone 

 and starch cells. On the germination of the grains^ the hyphae keep 

 pace in their growth with that of the grovving point, and can be found 

 here through mt the remaining life of the plant In the young ovaries 

 the hyphae permeate the nucellus and deveiop there luxuriantly. They 

 are pushed hack by the elongation of the embryo-sac, and at the time 

 of iecundation of the egg, the hyphae along the funicular region have 

 ceased growth, thus causing the Isolation oi a patch of hyphae between 

 the point of the attachment of the ovule and the micropyle This later 

 becomes an infection-layer, for from this patch arise the hyphae which 

 penetrate the embryo. 



All efforts to induce the fungus to produce spores failed. Tvvo 

 explanations are offered for this failure : 1. The habit of mycelial infection 

 may be so well established that ability to form spores' has been lost 

 entirely. 2. The fungus may be some ergot-forming fungus or one which 

 forms spores in some other organ of the host." The former view is 

 favored. 



Weakening the host plants by placing them for a time in a dark 

 room did not favor the development of the parasite. The fungus appears 

 to be so highly specialized that conditions which favor the host also 

 favor the parasite. 



Seeds from plants with the fungus and from those without it were 

 planted with the following results in the number of grains raised as 

 a crop: 



From plants with the fungus in the open, 3,59b grains; from plants 

 without the fungus, in the open, 222; from plants withthe fungus covered 

 at flowering, 1,071; from plants without the fungus covered at flowering^. 

 S24. Out of these, 100 of each were examined to determine the presence 

 of the fungus, and in every case all were true to the parent plant, those 

 from plants without the fungus remained free from infection, and those 

 irom plants with the fungus were all infected, establishing beyond a doubt 

 two races of L. temiilentiim. The plants infected were more vigorous, 

 indicating a benefit occurring from the presence of the fungus. 



Hedgcock. 



HÖHNEL, F. VON, Myco logische Fragmente. LXXVI. Zur 

 Synonymie einiger Pilze. (Annales mycologici. Bd. HL 

 1905. p. 187—190.) 



1. Picoa Carthusiana Tul. = Picoa opthalmospora (Quel.). 



2. Hypoxylon coccineum Bull. var. microcarpiim Bizz. ist eine gute 

 Art, muss aber, da ein H. mlcrocarpum Penz. et Sacc. schon existirt, 

 umgetauft werden: in //. piilcherrimum v. H. 



3. Dermatca Pini Otth = Tryblidiopsis pinastri Pers. 



4. Helotium subconfluens Bres. = Phialea subpallida Rehm. 



5. Patellea pseudosanguinea Rehm = Tapesia atrosanguinea Fuck. 

 =^ Phialea atrosanguinea (Fuck.) v. Höhn. 



6. Amphisphaeria salicicola Allesch. (= Didymosphaeria decolorans 

 Rehm) ist nach Verf.s Ansicht eine Ostropee : er nennt sie Didymascina 

 (n. g.) salicicola (Allesch.) v. Höhn. 



7. Calosphaeria polyblasta Romeil et Sacc. ist eine Cesatiella^ 

 daher: Cesatiella polyblasta (R. et S.) v. H. 



